Mergers and Acquisitions for Poison Pill Defense - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMergers and Acquisitions for Poison Pill Defense. Answer: Introduction Mergers and Acquisitions are considered as two of the major aspects in the world business over the years. In general, mergers and acquisitions refer to the process of consolidation of the companies. It needs to be mentioned that there are various forms of mergers and acquisitions; they are acquisitions, mergers, tender offers, consolidations and others (Cartwright and Cooper 2012). The main aim of the report is to analyze and evaluate different dimensions of mergers and acquisitions and the report is based on the provided case study of Earling Construction Plc and Manco Construction Plc. Manco Plc should take the following steps to defend the takeover bid by Earling PLC: Manco Plc should adopt the strategy of Poison Pill Defense to defend the takeover from Earling PLC. Under thus strategy, the target company that is Manco Plc is required to dilute their shares in such a manner that Earling PLC needs to incur large amount of expenses for obtaining the controlling percentage of share (Rhee and Fiss 2014). As per the provided case study, the economic crisis badly hit Earling PLC economically. In this situation, the company would think twice before incurring large expenditure for the acquisition of Manco Plc. Apart from the above, Manco Plc can also adopt the strategy of Stock Repurchase to defend takeover. Under this process, Manco Plc needs to repurchase their shares from their shareholders to prevent this takeover from Earling PLC. Manco Plc can adopt these two techniques (Auerbach 2013). In general, Manco Plc can take the following techniques to defend any potential takeover: Manco Plc can adopt the strategy of Staggered Board under which only one third of the directors are reelected annually. Manco Plc can adopt the strategy of Shark Repellants in which the acquirer companies need a supermajority vote requirement for the takeover of the company. In addition, other techniques are Golden Parachute, Greenmail, Standstill Agreement and others (Ferris, Jayaraman and Sabherwal 2013). According to the provided case study, it is advised that Earling PLC is the predator and Manco Plc is the target. The justification is provided below with definition. Predator: In the process of mergers and acquisitions, a company with sufficient financial power can easily bear the associate risks of the process of takeover. For this reason, financial stronger companies are regarded as Predators. In this case, Earlings PLC has financial superiority than Manco Plc and thus, needs to be considered as predator (Jordan 2016). Target: In the merger and acquisition process, companies with less financial capability are considered as Target; as they can be easily takeover by more financially stable companies. As per the provided case study, Manco Plc needs to be considered as target due to their poor financial condition (Shi, Sun and Prescott 2012). As per the provided case study, Earlings PLC offered Manco Plc 4.75 per share while the actual value was 10.50 per share. It can be seen that Earling PLC is offering very less amount of the actual share value. However, in case of Management Buyout (MBO) strategy, Manco Plc can get higher price of share value than the offering of Earling PLC. For this reason, Manco Plc might consider a potential MBO (Mao and Renneboog 2015). The advantages and disadvantages of MBO are discussed below: Advantages The main advantage of MBO is that it increase the motivation of the employees as the overall success of the business create positive impact on them. The new owners of the business can make effective business decisions based on their experience as they have been the employees of the company for years. In case the business was a part of large group, MBO increases the efficiency of the business as the management does not have to discuss the decision with the head management of the group (Berry and Green 2016). Disadvantages In the process of MBO, the new management is required to put much effort to turn the business in a successful one. This can be considered as a disadvantage. In case, the business is struggling due to the lack of strengths, skills and vision of the management team, then the MBO is not going to be much helpful for the company (Mao and Renneboog 2015). Three major types of acquisitions are Horizontal Acquisition, Vertical Acquisition and Concentric Acquisition. These are discussed below with example: Horizontal Acquisition: Horizontal acquisition refers to the acquisition of one company by another company in the same industry. The main advantage of horizontal acquisition is that it expands the capacity of the acquirer while keeping the business operations same. The companies in this acquisition process involve in the selling of same product or services (Ferreira et al. 2014). Example: The acquisition of Instagram by Facebook can be presented as a major example of horizontal acquisition. This acquisition took place in the year 2012 and the reported value was $1 billion. It is regarded as horizontal acquisition as both Facebook and Instagram operates in the same industry with same services that is photo sharing (Forbes.com 2018). Vertical Acquisition: Vertical acquisition refers to the acquisition of one company by another company in the same industry, but both of them occupy different position in the supply chain of the industry. The main advantage of vertical acquisition is that it establish cooperation between the companies by improving efficiency and lowering the overall cost (Frsard, Hoberg and Phillips 2014). Example: The acquisition of PayPal by Ebay in the year 2002 can be well presented as the example of vertical acquisition. This can be considered as the example of vertical acquisition as both the companies operates in the online platform, but provides different services. Ebay involves in online shopping, but PayPal involves in online payment and money transfer (Forbes.com 2018). Concentric Acquisition: In the process of concentric acquisition, the two companies involved belong to the same or related industry, but they do not involve in the offering of same products or services. However, these companies may use similar distribution channel (Risberg 2013). Example: The acquisition of Travelers Insurance by Citigroup can be considered as a perfect example of concentric acquisition. This is called concentric acquisition as both Citigroup and Travelers Insurance belong to financial industry, but both of them involves in the offering of different products and services (Forbes.com 2018). From the provided case study, it can be seen that both the companies that are Earling Construction PLC and Manco Construction Plc belong to the same industry that is the construction industry. From this, it is clear that both the companies involves in the offerings of same construction related products and services. Hence, it implies that both the companies operates in the same industry and sell same products and services. For all these reasons, the acquisition of Manco PLC can be classified as horizontal acquisition as it possesses all the features of horizontal acquisition (Ferris, Jayaraman and Sabherwal 2013). The seven reasons of acquisition for Earling PLC are discussed below: The major reason of acquisition for Earling PLC is survival. The case study states that the economic crisis of 2008 affected Earling PLC in a bad manner. In this kind of situation, acquisition was one of the ways for Earling PLC to survive and remain in the competition (Cartwright and Cooper 2012). It is possible for Earling PLC to ensure growth from the positive effects of acquisition. Most of the time, acquisition ensures satisfactory and balance growth of the business (Vazirani 2012). It would be possible for Earling PLC to gain necessary competitive advantage and bigger market share due to the acquisition as it improves the distribution and marketing networks. It would also help Earling PLC in developing wide customer base (Cartwright and Cooper 2012). Diversification of products and services world be another reason for Earling PLC for adopting the strategy of acquisition and it can complement the current product and services of the company (Vazirani 2012). It can be happened that the management of Earling PLC failed to identify eligible successor of the company. In this situation, the option of acquisition can provide Earling PLC with the option of eligible leadership (Vazirani 2012). Reduction or cutting of costs could be another major reason for Earling PLC for acquisition as the acquisition of two companies with same services is effective in cost reduction (Vazirani 2012). Better financial planning would be possible for Earling PLC due to the positive effects of acquisition. The collective finances of both the companies can be resulted in better financial planning (Cartwright and Cooper 2012). Among many cases, the acquisition of Volvo and Renault in the year 1993 as both the companies failed to address the ownership structure of them after the process of acquisition. Both the companies were supposed to save $5 billion from this acquisition. However, the main reason for the failure of this acquisition was the consideration of the problem related to the combination of investors-owned company with the government-owned company. Due to this acquisition, the shareholders of Volvo would have left with 35% stake in the combined company and the rest was controlled by the government of France (Nytimes.com 2018). Thus, the shareholder of Volvo could not accept the selling of the prized company to the French Government. These were the major reasons for the failure of this acquisition. The acquirer companies can use various ways to pay for the target companies in the process of take over. Three of these major ways are discussed below: Payment in Cash: Cash payment is considered as one of the most popular ways for the payment of takeover in acquisition process. Cash transaction is considered as clean, instantaneous and it does not require high level of management as compared to the stock payment. The shareholders who are not able to sell their shares prefer the payment of takeover through cash (Harford, Humphery-Jenner and Powell 2012). Most importantly, the shareholders do not have the worry about the future performance of their companies that has impact on the amount they will be paid. There are both advantages and disadvantages of the process of cash payment. In the process of competitive bidding, the target companies always prefer cash payment for the process of takeover. However, the main disadvantage is that the shareholders of the target company will not receive any dividend in case the company performs well in near future. It implies that the shareholders of the target company are taking cash instead of fut ure performance bonus and they ate blocked from any future gains (Harford, Humphery-Jenner and Powell 2012). Payment with Stock: It is considered as another popular ways of payment in the process of takeover. In the process of payment with stock, the shareholders of the target company swap their shares for the shares of the acquirer company (Fu, Lin and Officer 2013). The payment by the shares is essential for the target companies when their shareholders do not want to recognize any kind of taxable gains in the near future. It implies that the shareholders of the target companies do not have to pay income taxes on the acquisition process due to the absence of cash transaction. This option of financing is considered as the most safe way to pay for the takeover as both the acquirer and the selling company share the risks on an equal basis. In case the stocks are overvalued, the particular way becomes largely beneficial for the acquirers (Fu, Lin and Officer 2013). At the same time, the acquirer firms have to bear the risk of decline in the stock price. Thus, there are both advantages and disa dvantages. Debt Acquisition: The agreement to take on the debt of the seller is considered as one of the major ways of the payment for takeover and it is also considered as a viable alternative of cash payment and share payment (Phan 2014). For many business organizations, debts become one of the major forces to be acquired. In this position, it is the priority of the debtors of the target companies to be acquired by a company that can pay the debt. At the same time, from the point of view of the creditors, this way can be considered as one of the cheapest way for the acquisition of assets. At the same time, this way is also beneficial from the perspective of the shareholders of the target company as they do not have to pay income taxes until they receive the payment of debt. At the time of takeover under this payment process, the sellers is required to be sure about the financial stability of the acquirer (Phan 2014). In case the acquirer become bankrupt, the shareholders of the target or sell er company would be fallen under the creditors of the acquirer. Thus, this way also has certain advantages and disadvantages. Advised Finance Technique: The above discussion evaluates three ways of payment for a takeover. It can be observed that all the three ways have some advantages and some disadvantages. Based on the above discussion, it is advised that Earling PLC should adopt the way for cash payment for the takeover considering the advantages of this technique. Payment through cash is a clear process that needs less management involvements. After that, the shareholders of the seller company do not have to depend in the performance of the shares as the payment is done in cash. Most importantly, the shareholders of the seller company cannot claim any future gain of the company (Ferris, Jayaraman and Sabherwal 2013). For all these reasons, Earling PLC is required to adopt the strategy of cash payment for financing the takeover. It needs to be mentioned that there are many risks involved in the process of acquisition and there is not any exception of this fact in case of Manco PLC. From the provided case study, it can be seen that Earking PLC is considering offering a paper offer to Manco PLC for acquisition that is one share of Earling PLC is for every share of Manco PLC. In case, this deal is extended, Manco PLC can face some deals. First, Manco PLC can lose the deal as it is a good deal for the company. After that, there is a possibility that Manco PLC can face legal risks due to not compliance with the laws and regulations. Most importantly, Manco PLC can face the risk of closing down the business due to be not acquired (Weber and Yedidia Tarba 2012). Conclusion As per the above discussion, it can be seen that Manco Plc should adopt the strategy of Poison Pill and Stock Repurchases against the takeover of Earlings Plc. The discussion also shows that Earling Plc is the predator due to financial superiority and Manco Plc is the target. The study shows the advantages and disadvantages of management buyout in the process of acquisition. As per the above discussion, three kinds of acquisition are there; they are Horizontal Acquisition, Vertical Acquisition and Concentric Acquisition and the takeover of Manco Plc by Earling Plc is the example of horizontal acquisition. It can also be seen that the companies can use various strategies to pay for the process of acquisition like cash payment, stock payment, debt acquisition and others. References Auerbach, A.J. ed., 2013.Corporate takeovers: Causes and consequences. University of Chicago Press. Berry, D.F. and Green, S., 2016.Cultural, structural and strategic change in management buyouts. Springer. Cartwright, S. and Cooper, C.L., 2012.Managing mergers acquisitions and strategic alliances. Routledge. Ferreira, M.P., Santos, J.C., de Almeida, M.I.R. and Reis, N.R., 2014. Mergers acquisitions research: A bibliometric study of top strategy and international business journals, 19802010.Journal of Business Research,67(12), pp.2550-2558. Ferris, S.P., Jayaraman, N. and Sabherwal, S., 2013. CEO overconfidence and international merger and acquisition activity.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,48(1), pp.137-164. Forbes.com. (2018).Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bruceupbin/2012/04/09/facebook-buys-instagram-for-1-billion-wheres-the-revenue/#4190d4b24b8a [Accessed 5 Mar. 2018]. Forbes.com. (2018).Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2014/10/03/the-real-reasons-paypal-sold-to-ebay/#5de1ef07698b [Accessed 5 Mar. 2018]. Forbes.com. (2018).Forbes Welcome. [online] Available at: https://www.forbes.com/2005/01/31/cz_rl_0131citi.html#7f0346eb668f [Accessed 5 Mar. 2018]. Frsard, L., Hoberg, G. and Phillips, G., 2014.The incentives for vertical acquisitions and integration. Working Paper Series. 13 April 2014. Available: https://ssrn. com/abstract= 2242425 or https://dx. doi. org/10.2139/ssrn. 2242425. Accessed 6 July. Fu, F., Lin, L. and Officer, M.S., 2013. Acquisitions driven by stock overvaluation: Are they good deals?.Journal of Financial Economics,109(1), pp.24-39. Harford, J., Humphery-Jenner, M. and Powell, R., 2012. The sources of value destruction in acquisitions by entrenched managers.Journal of Financial Economics,106(2), pp.247-261. Jordan, C., 2016. The London Stock Exchange-Prey and Predator.. Mao, Y. and Renneboog, L., 2015. Do managers manipulate earnings prior to management buyouts?.Journal of Corporate Finance,35, pp.43-61. Phan, H.V., 2014. Inside debt and mergers and acquisitions.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,49(5-6), pp.1365-1401. Rhee, E.Y. and Fiss, P.C., 2014. Framing controversial actions: Regulatory focus, source credibility, and stock market reaction to poison pill adoption.Academy of Management Journal,57(6), pp.1734-1758. RICHARD W. STEVENSON (2018).Volvo Abandons Renault Merger. [online] Nytimes.com. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/1993/12/03/business/volvo-abandons-renault-merger.html [Accessed 5 Mar. 2018]. Risberg, A., 2013. 13 The Stake of High Failure Rates in Mergers and Acquisitions.Mergers and acquisitions: The critical role of stakeholders,52, p.247. Shi, W., Sun, J. and Prescott, J.E., 2012. A temporal perspective of merger and acquisition and strategic alliance initiatives: Review and future direction.Journal of Management,38(1), pp.164-209. Vazirani, N., 2012. Mergers and Acquisitions Performance Evaluation-A Literature Review.SIES Journal of Management,8(2). Weber, Y. and Yedidia Tarba, S., 2012. Mergers and acquisitions process: The use of corporate culture analysis.Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal,19(3), pp.288-303.

The Role of Communication in Team Dynamics Essay Example

The Role of Communication in Team Dynamics Essay One of the most critical, if not the most critical aspect of team dynamics is communication. Effective or ineffective communication can lead to a team being extremely efficient and successful, or inefficient and a terrible failure. â€Å"Ineffective communication can be a source of discontent in a team† (Newson, 2006). The purpose of team communication is to enhance team performance; therefore, it is each team member’s responsibility to ensure effective communication. Communication is an observable aspect of coordination, and insights into observable behaviors which predict high or low performances can be gained by team communication analysis† (Hutchins et al. 1999). Four crucial elements teams must possess to communicate effectively are a willingness to have open authentic discussions, active listening, willingness to confront conflicts, and understanding. There are several factors a team has to consider when creating the environment for open authentic discussion s. One of the key factors is determining how each individual on the team communicates, and to access each individual team member’s strengths and weaknesses as it pertains to clearly expressing their views and opinions. Once this information is captured, then members will have a better understanding as to how to get all team members to participate in discussing key topics related to team goals. It is important that team members who are more expressive do not use this as an opportunity to dominate a more introverted team member. Clear objective conversations should be encouraged. Team members should present information in a very black and white manner (factual). Open discussions are a great way to get to know your team members. These discussions will reveal thing about your teammates that will help in your team’s communication process. So, encourage open discussions, this will lead to team trust. When team members are having discussions it is necessary that everyone is being an active listener. Team members should show an interest in the information being delivered by the speaker, before responding or reacting to anything that was said by the speaker. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Communication in Team Dynamics specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Communication in Team Dynamics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Communication in Team Dynamics specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Team members should ask questions and/or summarize the information that was given to ensure understanding. Active listening can also be called sympathetic listening and it can be broken down into a four-step process. First, mimic the content. Second, rephrase the content. Third, reflect feelings, i. e. , understand the other persons feelings as well as your own. Fourth, empathize, rephrase the content and reflect feelings (Christol, 2008). The goal here is to try to understand the person’s thoughts and feelings to gain a better understanding. Asking questions such as â€Å"Let me make sure I heard you correctly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or â€Å"Let me make sure I have everything†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , is an excellent sign that someone is actively listening. In class discussions are a perferct example of listening actively. While the professor is speaking the student is having constent conversation with the professor to ensure their understanding. Active listening can be taught and is a skill that needs to be practiced and incorporated into our daily communication. Being able to confront conflict within a team is also key to communication. There will not always be harmony within teams. Sometimes when things are not made clear, conflict shows it’s ugly head. A team charter is an example to how to make things clear within a team, which should address specifics about exactly what to expect from team members in order to achieve the team’s overall goals (University of Phoenix, 2008). There will be times where team members will have to agree to disagree in order to resolve conflicts. Remember, a team consists of three or more people and each person is unique in their own way. Therefore, it’s not a matter of if conflict will happen, it’s a matter of when will conflict happen in my team. No one likes to confront conflict by nature; however, we need to know how to confront it whenever it arises. Honesty is a great approach when confronting conflict. Team members will have a greater respect for you if you can approach them with honesty. This ties back to having those open authentic discussions. Although being open and honest may step on some toes, ultimately, it’s worth it in order to resolve the conflict. If things can’t be resolved among team members, it is ok to involve a mediator such as a faculty member, but beware. Faculty members will revert to your team charter to determine what your team agreed upon as it pertains to conflict resolutions. Be sure your charter is very specific. There will be instances that will be unavoidable and uncontrollable when dealing with teams. We are human beings and life happens whether we want it to or not. Our children get sick, our cars break down, and family members pass away. These are just a few of the things we need to have some level of understanding when it comes to teams. Once again, here is where the charter will play a role. There needs to be a revision in the charter that pertains to what if a team member is not able to participate on an assignment due to an emergency? How will this be addressed as a team? If the team has built a solid relationship, it will not be difficult for the members to step up in the absence of another member. However it is critical that the team member who is experiencing the emergency contact the other team members the moment it is known that he or she will not be able to deliver or perform the task the other team members expect them to have. If this is done, this will allow the other team members to make whatever adjustments they need to their schedules to manage the unexpected added responsibility. Life happens, but with effective communication there is no challenge that cannot be managed. In conclusion, according to Jim Temme and Jeanine Katzel (1995, 14), involvement must truly be auspicious. Team members need to hear each other’s suggestions and act on them when needed. To participate authentically means all ideas are ok and good ones are rewarded with positive feedback. When team members criticize each other’s ideas causes them to keep things to themselves. Team intimacy is achieved when there is open communication and no fear of making comments. Keeping in mind the authentic discussions, active listening, willingness to confront conflict and understanding are the keys to effective communication within teams. References Christol, T. (2008, May). Active Listening vs. Effective Listening. Tactical Response, 6(3), 60-62,65. Retrieved July 22, 2008, from ProQuest Central database. (Document ID: 1489166611). Newson, P. (2006, December). Participate effectively as a team member. Nursing Residential Care, 8(12), 541-544. Retrieved July 22, 2008, from CINAHL Plus with Full Text database. Temme, J. , Katzel, J. (Jan 9, 1995). Calling a team a team doesnt mean that it is: successful teamwork must be a way of life. Plant Engineering, 49, n1. p. 112(2). Retrieved July 22, 2008, from General OneFile via Gale: http://find. galegroup. com/ips/start. do? prodId=IPS University of Phoenix. (2008). Week Two overview. Retrieved July 22, 2008, from University of Phoenix, Week Two, rEsource. GEN300- Managing Learning Team Conflict.

Free Essays on The Embalming Of Mr. Jones

Jessica Mitford wrote a book, entitled â€Å"The Embalming of Mr. Jones,† about the malpractices of funeral homes. The specific excerpt that I read described how bodies are embalmed. She wrote this to explain to the general public, who at the time were uneducated about what happens in funeral homes, about the exact way a body is embalmed and placed for display. Her book brought a better awareness to what really goes on in funeral homes. This made the government realize they must be more involved with what goes on, because funeral homes are just like any other businesses in addition to that they can increase the chances of creating a public health risk. Embalming is a practice that has been done for ages. I believe that modern-day embalming techniques work splendidly. I have attended four funerals in my life, and each of the deceased looked so peaceful and healthy in their caskets. This appearance is really one of allusion, but it is worth it because of the comfort it provides for the deceased’s loved ones. Viewings are just a nice tradition. If we stopped having viewings, what would happen to the bodies of the deceased? They would be stored in a morgue until placed in a casket and buried. This reminds me too much of the past practice of tossing dead bodies, wrapped in sheets, into burial pits. It just seems too cold and uncivilized. On the other hand, when I asked my family their opinion on embalming and viewings, the consensus seemed to be â€Å"Viewings are for the living.† My mother, in particular, was most against it. She did not understand what the purpose was of draining a body of its blood and filling it up with chemicals. She figured all you needed to do was put an excess amount of make up on to make the deceased look more alive. I explained to her what I read in Jessica Mitford’s essay about embalming, but she still stuck to her opinion. Despite my family’s reaction to my questionings, I know that no... Free Essays on The Embalming Of Mr. Jones Free Essays on The Embalming Of Mr. Jones Jessica Mitford wrote a book, entitled â€Å"The Embalming of Mr. Jones,† about the malpractices of funeral homes. The specific excerpt that I read described how bodies are embalmed. She wrote this to explain to the general public, who at the time were uneducated about what happens in funeral homes, about the exact way a body is embalmed and placed for display. Her book brought a better awareness to what really goes on in funeral homes. This made the government realize they must be more involved with what goes on, because funeral homes are just like any other businesses in addition to that they can increase the chances of creating a public health risk. Embalming is a practice that has been done for ages. I believe that modern-day embalming techniques work splendidly. I have attended four funerals in my life, and each of the deceased looked so peaceful and healthy in their caskets. This appearance is really one of allusion, but it is worth it because of the comfort it provides for the deceased’s loved ones. Viewings are just a nice tradition. If we stopped having viewings, what would happen to the bodies of the deceased? They would be stored in a morgue until placed in a casket and buried. This reminds me too much of the past practice of tossing dead bodies, wrapped in sheets, into burial pits. It just seems too cold and uncivilized. On the other hand, when I asked my family their opinion on embalming and viewings, the consensus seemed to be â€Å"Viewings are for the living.† My mother, in particular, was most against it. She did not understand what the purpose was of draining a body of its blood and filling it up with chemicals. She figured all you needed to do was put an excess amount of make up on to make the deceased look more alive. I explained to her what I read in Jessica Mitford’s essay about embalming, but she still stuck to her opinion. Despite my family’s reaction to my questionings, I know that no...

To Garnish vs. To Garnishee

To Garnish vs. To Garnishee To Garnish vs. To Garnishee To Garnish vs. To Garnishee By Maeve Maddox A reader wonders about the verbs garnish and garnishee: I have been hearing a radio commercial that mentions how the IRS can â€Å"garnish one’s wages.†Ã‚   I always thought garnish referred to decorating food or something, but when I looked this up online, apparently garnishee is the word that has fallen out of use, and garnish in reference to wages is correct. Can you tell me if this is in fact the case? Both words are used in the sense of taking money owed to a creditor from a person’s wages. Garnish has seniority; the verb garnishee began as a noun derived from the verb to garnish. The noun and verb relating to decorating food come from the same source. Old French verb garnir meant â€Å"to fortify, to defend, to provide.† The earliest example of garnish, meaning â€Å"provide or furnish a place with a means of defense,† is dated c.1400. Another 15th century meaning of garnish was â€Å"to fit out with anything that adorns or beautifies.† By the 17th century, garnish was used in the context of decorating servings of food. Another meaning of of garnir was â€Å"to warn.† This sense survives in the legal term garnish: â€Å"to obtain a court order directing a party holding funds (such as a bank) or about to pay wages (such as an employer) to an alleged debtor to set that money aside until the court determines (decides) how much the debtor owes to the creditor.† The noun garnishee is a legal term meaning â€Å"a person or entity, quite often a bank or employer, which receives a court order not to release funds held for or owed to a customer or employee, pending further order of the court.† The earliest OED citation for garnishee used as a verb is from a US newspaper dated 1896. Although the use of garnishee as a verb has declined, the noun remains a common legal term. In modern usage, wages, as well as salads, are garnished. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Masters Degree or Master's Degree?40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†Artist vs. Artisan

Compare and contrast two opposite cases where Web 2.0 tools have been Essay

Compare and contrast two opposite cases where Web 2.0 tools have been used to build an identity and encourage participation, and explain why you think one was successful and the other wasnt - Essay Example What is common in both the viewpoints is the idea that the new developments in information and communication technologies certainly change the way we interact, civic engagement and community creation. The participation has the ability and potential to make the difference. The awareness about the possibilities of participation is a defining feature of the present democratic societies. â€Å"The crisis of political participation† is the product of the dilemmas of this awareness on participation (Bryan, Tsagarousianou and Tambini, 1998, p. 3). However, more electronic democracy could only be achieved through universal availability of internet and open discourses on internet. According to Bryan, Tsagarousianou and Tambini (1998), although access to information network is a public right, the cost and private ownership of such infrastructure and technologies lead to a tension between both. Bughin, Chui, and Johnson have asserted that â€Å"companies will need a combination of incentives of encourage customer participation† (2008, p.28). In the case study of Coloplast’s web supported community of health care practitioners, it has been found that â€Å"web communities in the professional market build on preexisting communities, enabling community members to intensify the activities of the community to expand its reach† (Andersen, 2005, p. 49). It could be seen as an example of identity building and community creation. In the content analysis of the sites and blogs for the 10 Democratic candidates in the 2004 US presidential election, it has been revealed that â€Å"candidates promoted interactivity online through technical means such as enabling asynchronous feedback in blog comments as well as fostering an environment of participation through textual appeals and strategy† (Trammel, 2006, p.42). Here, there in no actual participation, just networking for the purpose of vote

Internation World AIDS Charity Day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Internation World AIDS Charity Day - Essay Example The rationale of the event is to collect money that can be used to subsidize the medication for management of AIDS in the affected countries (Sharon, 2011). Our goal is ensure that every person infected with AIDS gets the required medication regardless of individual economic status. The event is on its 20th year and so far over six hundred billion dollars have been raised. It has attracted the support of many international celebrities who have contributed both materially and in kind for the cause. Our vision is to raise sufficient funds to finance not only the purchase of drugs but also raise public awareness on the issues related to AIDS. We also seek to encourage further research on finding a cure for AIDS. To this end, our long term strategy is to work with the leading pharmaceutical companies and researchers to put more effort in finding a cure for the disease. The date of the ceremonial commemoration is on 1st July. The chosen location will be in London. Other commemorations wil l be marked in all major cities in the world. The venue will be at the Oxygen arena. All proceeds from the event will go to charity. Strategic Aims Objectively, the event seeks to raise funds for the purchase and supply of drugs for the treatment of AIDS victims in the developing countries. We intend to raise fifty million dollars that will be used to buy the drugs to be distributed in these countries. We also intend to secure commitments from world leaders that this scourge will be tamed and appropriate programs will be put in place to curb its spread. The â€Å"AIDS free world† accord which details elaborate plans to wipe out the pandemic will be presented to the leaders to persuade them to take deliberate measures to lower the rates of new infections in their countries. In addition, the event also aims to put more emphasis on the research for a permanent cure for the disease. Research on this field has been sluggish. Consequently, the event aims to gain a clear commitment from leading pharmaceutical companies and researchers that research for a cure will be given a priority. Objectives One of our objectives is to raise funds towards the support of AIDS medication. Our target is to raise over fifty million shillings in cash. To obtain these funds, we will design arm bands, t-shirts, caps, and bandanas to target people attending the event. The sales will begin on days set before the start of the major event. In addition, branded merchandise will be availed in selected outlets to make them accessible to the public. Another strategy to raise funds will be through organizing a charity concert before the main event. Leading musicians will be invited to entertain participants at a nominal fee. In fact, the invitation of leading artistes will serve a twofold function of attracting larger crowds to the concert and also increase the sales of the branded merchandise. The event will also run an online campaign through the social networking sites to raise funds. We intend to spur online interest on AIDS as an imminent threat to humanity. The other objective for the event is to raise awareness concerning AIDS in the developing countries. The rate of HIV/AIDS infections is highest in the developing countries. The disease is most prevalent in African countries. Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for about forty percent of the documented infections (Luter, 2010). The implications are dire considering that most of those infected are the breadwinners for their families. The result is that their

Social media negative impact on teenagers Essay Example for Free

Social media negative impact on teenagers Essay Many types of social media display a ‘bad boy’ image which consists of addiction to substance abuse (drugs and alcohol), violence, emphasis on luxurious material possessions and lack of moral values. It is this ‘bad boy’ image that severely impacts the minds of teenagers. It is very common to find a video of a celebrity portraying a character that is addicted to substance abuse. For instance, Youtube is filled with plenty of music videos, movies and pictures that display celebrities with numerous addictions to substance abuse. Examples of such celebrities include, Nicolas Cage (alcohol addict) in the movie Leaving Las Vegas and Leonardo DiCaprio (drug addict) in the movie The Basketball Diaries. When a celebrity plays a fictional role of an addict, many teenagers pick up the addiction. Teenagers tend to think that such types of addictions are ‘cool’ as their icons engage in such addictions. In addition, social media portray a lot of violence that amuse teenagers. For instance, cp24.com shows videos and pictures of gangsters and thieves shedding blood of innocent people. In such situations, culprits are often seen settling problems through violence rather than through peace. Teenagers pick up on this depiction of brutality and think that it is better to solve a conflict through violence in order to gain a popular image in society. Also, social media is actively engaged in promoting exquisite materialistic goods. For instance, Facebook displays many pictures of celebrities endorsing expensive products. Examples of such endorsements include Michael Schumacher (Ferrari, Lamborghini) and Jessica Simpson (Gucci, Prada). Teenagers that look up to their icons come to the conclusion that in order to be popular one must acquire such luxurious goods. Moreover, social media places a great emphasis on acting immorally. For example, etonline.com shows real life situations of celebrities lying, stealing, and taking part in scandalous affairs. Teenagers are often taken into believing that such irresponsible acts are normal and expected to be followed. Thus, it is fairly evident that social media plays a vital role in exerting a strong negative influence on teenagers.