John B. Watson Free Essays

The term behaviorism alludes to the school of brain science established by John B. Watson dependent on the conviction that practices can be estimated, prepared, and changed. (http://brain science. We will compose a custom exposition test on John B. Watson or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now about. om/od/behavioralpsychology/f/behaviorism. tm) With Kinesthetic and Visual my next top two, Behaviorist Theory fits well similar to taking a gander at others or to the earth to learn. Once more, I return it to my children and how they watch what I do and gain from either what I show them or from their own mix-ups and me showing them what are correct. Being in the military additionally functions admirably, because of the measure of preparing we got and how we are appraised for our presentation as an officer. Prizes are granted for doing great which is uplifting feedback and drives an officer to proceed to learn and acquire the following position or position. Aural, Visual and Kinesthetic will influence my training interest as a grown-up student. As indicated by Clark Hull’s Drive Reduction Theory â€Å"behavior happens because of â€Å"drives†, for example, hunger, thirst, sexual enthusiasm, feeling cold, and so on. At the point when the objective of the drive is accomplished (food, water, mating, warmth) the drive is decreased, at any rate incidentally. † (http://www. lifecircles-inc. com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/clarkhull. html) As a grown-up student in the military and requiring instruction to have the option to be chosen for the following position, my learning style should be at its best. Clark Hull’s heory accommodates my learning capacity really well, in the way that I have to complete school and get my degree to climb in rank. Preceding getting my Associates degree, I needed to inspiration to go to class. At the point when I discovered I required certain classes to turn into a Warrant Officer it gave me a drive to work to complete those classes to say the very least. Presently I end up believing that I won't need any all the more tutoring, however to be isolated from my companions I need to finish a Bachelors certificate. Not exclusively will this assistance in the now, to the extent rank, yet when I resign I will have a degree to aid a decent paying ob. All things considered, I am not very stunned at the outcomes that I got trom the V poll and concur completely to have Aural my top pick. I need that visual guide or picture to assist me with improving as a student and comprehend whatever is being instructed. Doing the exploration on my VARK results and what kind of realizing hypotheses can relate, I have realized there are various approaches to learning and each learning hypothesis has a hypothesis that some Psychology major made. I. e. Clark Hull and his Drive Reduction Theory. I have related my VARK to the Behaviorist Theory and Social Learning Theory. Step by step instructions to refer to John B. Watson, Papers

Integrating sources to support Essay Example for Free

Coordinating sources to help Essay Oneself, for most, ought to be the keep going thing on one’s psyche. Doing so will drive an individual away from acting naturally focused or at the very least narrow minded. Individuals state that acting naturally focused is a certain method to make adversaries, and to sustain the evil sentiments of others. Be that as it may, oneself is similarly as significant as one’s treatment of others with regards to creating one’s feeling of personality. An excess of pride can be terrible. However pride when utilized appropriately is simply the correct remedy feel sorry for and the loss of character. Certainty, self idea, and conclusiveness all originate from individual personality. At the point when an individual realizes what he can do and what he can be, the more probable that he can be fruitful in his picked field or calling. Self-idea brings forth him the motivation to accomplish something he can regardless of his insufficiencies as an individual. A solid self-idea permits an individual to acknowledge what he has, return to his own self, and make something great out of the adjustments in him. In this manner, one ought to endeavor to make a positive self idea to hold up under a positive character. Regardless of the Odds This is the reason of Alice Walker’s Beauty When the Other Dancer is the Self. Alice, who got visually impaired upon a mishap which she chose to keep always, lost her personality. Used to the way that she was the charming young lady everyone appreciated, she was crushed to discover that her visual deficiency changed the entire of her. She even lost the kindness that she is accustomed to getting from her dad. This occasion imparted in her the change that eternity adjusted her life. In any case, Alice had the option to carry on with a practically typical life. She even had her own family, and it was in this new family that she had the option to overcome her dread in herself. At the point when she was guaranteed by her girl that her visual deficiency made her unique rather than various, she got a recharged perspective on her own personality. What has become a broken perspective on herself turned out to be entire once more, and she got the insistence that her visual deficiency didn't make her an alternate individual. She may have been blinded, yet she is simply a similar Alice she knew to be. Zora Hurston’s How It Feels to be Colored Me uncovers that excellence is a perspective. Zora was dark and experienced childhood in a dark neighborhood. Moving into the white’s world alarmed her a piece, yet little had she felt that she is not quite the same as others. She realized she is shaded, however she never felt it influenced her generously. Normally, a standard individual will make a safe place on the spot he experienced childhood in, and the things that she was utilized to do. Zora dissipated this. She realized she needed to break the hindrances of her usual range of familiarity to accomplish her objectives. She realized that being smothered by her distinction is the most exceedingly terrible error she can do. Thus she resisted the shows and enhanced her uniqueness as opposed to concentrating on her distinction. Nancy Mairs had similar ideas. Being out of nowhere injured by different sclerosis, Mairs wound up caught in a circumstance nobody will ever need yet she. Be that as it may, Mairs was shrewd. She changed her difficulty to an achievement by getting motivation from her condition to compose a piece that will both respect her condition, her recently discovered quality, and to move the numerous other that are in a similar circumstance as she seems to be. A State of Mind Searching for and finding one’s individual character can be a constructive encounter for an individual when the final product is a positive one. Notwithstanding, finding a positive personality can likewise be subject to one’s perspective on oneself and of the events throughout his life. A positive perspective on oneself is a perspective. At the point when one sees the positive qualities throughout his life and his individual, notwithstanding all the terrible, finding a personality can be an improving and moving experience for himself as well as for the others. The perspective is a significant viewpoint that each individual must create. Genuinely it will be difficult to set oneself up from the unforeseen, however arrangements are less required when contrasted with reason and sound reasoning. At the point when an individual can choose rapidly and spare himself from the mental torments that fate can bring, he is a superior individual that the person who altogether gets ready for the unforeseen that can occur. It is by observing the positive in one’s inadequacies that one can be genuinely content with oneself. As a result, causing harmony with oneself to can deliver abundance since it opposes all the negative vitality that awful impression of self brings. It is just through inward harmony that one can genuinely value his capacities and helpfulness. Through this would one be able to be really gainful. Shrouded Truths We all have our impression of ourselves. Likewise with our three creators, some self ideas can be sure, some negative. While it is prescriptive to make a positive self idea, life despite everything can be loaded up with shocks. As educated by Wayson Choy, there are realities in our own selves holding on to be revealed regardless of every one of our endeavors to make the most honest mental self portrait and individual character. These concealed certainties can be solidly uncalled for. For Choy for example, as he related in his Ten Thousand Things, the shrouded truth was that the guardians he realized for his entire life were not his own folks. As though the reality of the situation was not excruciating enough, his revealing of the fact of the matter was set when his folks are dead. As a total vagrant there were just two aunties to ask, and affirm, what a questioner uncovered to him: he is an embraced. Like Zora, the disclosures broke his usual range of familiarity a piece. The disclosure was unexpected to the point that in spite of the dynamic turn of occasion it despite everything shocked him. He set himself up for the most exceedingly terrible, yet when the most noticeably awful came he was as yet ill-equipped. However Choy is savvy enough to acknowledge reality and re-make himself from that fact. This shows each condition is a positive one when one’s perspective is certain. Acknowledgment can cause one to become acclimated to a condition anyway negative it very well may be. End Personal character is significant. It makes a personâ€his considerations, his sentiments, his entire self. Subsequently, it is significant that one’s self idea is pleasing to him. An adverse impression of self influences an individual contrarily. At the point when an individual has compelled with issues and self sympathy, he will in general center his qualities into his negative considerations and will discover less time and vitality into changing his thoughts into unmistakable outcomes. As much as character makes an individual, an individual similarly makes his own personality. Self idea is a product of one’s perspective on the occasions that happen in the course of his life. At the point when an individual sees the negative as difficulties to defeat as opposed to issues that meddle to one’s objectives, he allows himself to utilize these obstructions decidedly and this will influence him emphatically too. It will be solid for an individual to sustain a positive self idea and make a one of a kind character propelled by his distinction when contrasted with others. He can utilize these to expand his efficiency and capacities, the results of which benefits himself, others, and improves his feeling of self as well as other people view of him.

Relationship Marketing of services-perspectives Essay

Relationship Marketing of administrations points of view - Essay Example As Evert Gummesson (1999) advocates absolute relationship showcasing as Marketing dependent on connections, systems and communication, perceiving that promoting is installed in the complete administration of the systems of the selling association, the market and society. It is coordinated to long haul, win-win associations with singular clients, the worth is together made between the gatherings in question. In the above setting in the event that we see proclivity cards systems of relationship we can without much of a stretch see three gatherings which are associated with the relationship arrange are; partiality charge card giving bank, good cause or ideological groups or colleges or different kinds of such associations and the client who held and really utilizing the fondness Visas and furthermore individuals from previously mentioned associations. Fundamentally proclivity cardholders are individuals from a specific association or fairly identified with associations as any relations hip. It might be immediate or aberrant like supporters of any club or ideological groups. Essential relationship exists between real proclivity card clients and the association to which they has a place or offshoot straightforwardly or in a roundabout way. Based on such connections associations create or fashion an arranged relationship with the bank. The second sort of relationship exists among association and the fondness card giving branch/bank. The connection among bank and association rely upon shared advantages. Bank gets the devoted clients from the participations of the association who utilize their liking charge cards and in return, association gets some financial advantages as settled upon by the association and the bank. This kind of business-to-business relationship relies upon common advantages for both the gatherings. Bank gets the entire participations of the association as their client without quite a bit of interest in client upgrade exercises and the association pr ofited by getting some underlying information exchange expense and repeating cash for each purchasing through Mastercards. At long last the connection among client and association relies upon some elusive perspectives, for example, steadfastness, pride, brand utilizing status and so on and an unmistakable character. 2. As Cardweb.com (www.cardweb.com) assessed that 250 million fondness Mastercards were available for use worldwide and it is right around 33% of all charge cards. So liking Mastercards have bigger offer in the Mastercard showcase. On the off chance that we see the purpose for the development of liking card showcase up to such level, the principle explanation for this kind of business is shared advantages and trust. As we host examined the three gatherings or partners associated with business get commonly profited. The banks, which issue Visa, get a bigger number of clients at one go. Administrations including discrete exchanges can be changed into enrollment connections by offering types of assistance in mass. The bit of leeway for the banks to offer types of assistance to the associations of having enrollment connections is that it knows who its present clients are and, for the most part, what use they think about the administrations advertised. This client data can be significant for division purposes if great records are kept and the information are promptly available for examination. Banks in the wake of knowing the personalities and addresses of

Luxury Brand Marketing free essay sample

It relies upon measurement, for example, significant expense, great, uniqueness, restrictiveness and so on. What is an extravagance item? In monetary terms, extravagance items are the individuals who can reliably order and legitimize a more significant expense than items with practically identical capacities and comparable quality. In promoting term, extravagance items are the individuals who can convey passionate advantages which is difficult to coordinate by tantamount items. The extravagance division focuses on its items and administrations at customers on the top-finish of the riches range. These self-chose first class are pretty much value heartless and decide to invest their energy and cash on objects that are obviously richness as opposed to necessities. Therefore, extravagance and renown brands have for a considerable length of time instructed an enduring and regularly strange client unwaveringness. Extravagance and glory brands, for example, Rolex, Louis Vuitton and Cartier speak to the most noteworthy type of craftsmanship and order a resolute purchaser steadfastness that isn't influenced by patterns. These brands make and set the occasional patterns and are additionally fit to pulling the entirety of their purchasers with them any place they go. Premium brands are those brands like Polo Ralph Lauren, Calvin Klein and Tommy Hilfiger that try to be extravagance and renown marks yet their showcasing blend procedures are more receptive to a mass market, though an extravagance mass market. They are likewise named as mass-premium brands or mass-extravagance brands. Design marks then again are those that address the majority. Methodologies for Luxury Marketing There are customary establishments for guaranteeing accomplishment of a brand and they are recorded beneath to sum things up : 1. The brand must be â€Å"expansive† Which implies it ought to be brimming with advancement open doors for the advertiser and as far as fulfilling the different needs of the extravagance shopper 2. The brand must recount to a story It is this story, of either legacy or execution or different perspectives that proceeds to assemble the emanation of a brand after some time. The story consistently highlights the personality of the brand. 3. The brand must be pertinent to the consumers’ needs Depending upon the outlook of the extravagance class, it is basic for a brand to fulfill those requirements, regardless of whether they be for acknowledgment or utilitarian use and so forth 4. The brand must line up with consumers’ values A brand that doesn't agree with the essential estimations of a consumer’s society has a little possibility of succeeding in light of the fact that extravagance things are types of articulation or recognizable proof for an extravagance purchaser. This makes it hard for the purchaser to embrace the brand in such cases. 5. The brand must perform Irrespective of which class the brand has a place with, an exhibition confirmation is an absolute necessity for the brand in the event that it wishes to be in the evoked arrangement of extravagance shoppers, considering the cost being paid for extravagance. Socialite as a Conductor In 2006, when Christian Dior picked Chawla as its representative, everybody was stunned some covertly desirous. Chawlas relationship: to be the essence of the brand, be found in Dior in the correct circles, have occasions gone to by the perfect individuals and by and large fraternize with the circle that she as of now moves in. The cash subtleties are not satisfactory individuals in the circuit and in the extravagance business state its part money related, part treats. In any case, it may be working. Chawla says, Dior has done staggeringly well with a steady ascent in deals. It is the most obvious brand in India with the most noteworthy review an incentive regarding showcasing systems actualized. Socialites being pursued a design brand isn't new, at any rate not in the West, says previous style editorial manager and extravagance pro Sujata Assomull-Sippy. She makes reference to Armanis 19-year-old relationship with British semi-illustrious and socialite Lady Helen Taylor that began when he planned her wedding outfit in 1992. The affiliation finished in 2009. Taylor, who was likewise the face for Bulgari, gave a murmur of help and was happy to surrender her uniform. Six years henceforth, Chawla is no place near hanging up her Dior couture. The Mohan for Gucci buzz has induced new goals in the circuit that goes past the leader or the more excellent sounding extravagance expert labels. The socialite is getting increasingly significant in an extravagance brands promoting system as she pulls in the correct sort of group, says Priya Sachdev, innovative chief for TSG International Marketing that has brought brands like YSL, Diane von Furstenberg to India. Nichevertising Brand expert and specialist Harish Bijoor of Harish Bijoor Consults grandiosely terms it nichevertise versus massvertise. As indicated by him the extravagance brands are not for mass utilization and shouldnt be mass promoted. The social circuit gives them a new channel to connect with their intended interest group with no commotion. The socialite model of showcasing focuses on the lists if people to attend less the hard sell, he says. Individual voice-unmistakable style Every extravagance brand needs to build up a promoting procedure that encourages them accomplish their advertising objectives, but at the same time is in accordance with their image. For instance, while it bodes well for Christopher Bailey from Burberry to refresh the Burberry Facebook page with short recordings he makes or music he bolsters, a similar kind of technique probably won't work for somebody like Bentley or Rolex. Bijoor says that for extravagance brands, sell is a four-letter word and not simply truly and that is the reason they focus on purchase. Extravagance brands like to be purchased, not sold, he says. Sell is a top-down technique which includes a component of yell you requesting that buyers think about you. Purchase, rather, is a draw arranged system. Extravagance brands love pull not push, he clarifies. This is perfect for the socialite promoting where the discussion with the brand is progressively visual and not aural.

Ferrari trategic Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Ferrari trategic Management - Case Study Example Ferrari I known and I profoundly esteemed wherever on the planet. From the U to Japan, from Germany and witzerland to India, to France, Autralia, New Zealand, Ruia, Brazil and Argentina. The term 'Contructor' applie in F1 for a corporate or any efficient body which contruct the vehicle, motor or chai. The contructor of a motor or chai own the scholarly right to it. (Watchman, 1985, 44) The title of Formula 1 World Champion Contructor I given to the vehicle that ha drawn the adage point during the coure of the eaon. A' motor and chai, both are considered while settling on it point. On the off chance that a vehicle' chai and motor contructor I the ame, the title infer goe to that contructor. Be that as it may, if the creator of the chai and motor are unique, the title I given mutually, as Ferrari-Honda, Renault-Mercede and so forth. The name of the chai contructor precede that of the motor contructor. The term 'contructor' and 'participant' have unique and pecific meaning. A contestant I the peron or corporate substance that regiter a vehicle and driver for a race eaon. From that point the reponibility of getting ready and keeping up that vehicle during the race end of the week lie with them. The term 'group' I uually applied to a participant association. The 1970 were the lat decade Ferrari entered an a work exertion in port vehicle dashing. After a uninpired execution in the 1973 F1 World Championhip, Enzo Ferrari bested all improvement of port vehicle in model and GT hustling toward the year's end, despite the fact that, Enzo wanted to pull out of F1, that year which wa the time of the lat official Targa Florio street race Enzo respected an increasingly critical to him. Following three poor year, Ferrari igned Niki Lauda in 1974, and made the momentou deciion to pull out of portcar dashing to focus upon F1. Nonetheless, poor unwavering quality with the 312B3 shielded them from taking triumph that year. The new Ferrari 312T, grew completely with Niki Lauda, presented in 1975 took Ferrari back to winning way. Niki taking the driver' crown and Ferrari the contructor'. (Mazzucato, 2002, 55-88) In 1976 Lauda crahed at the German Grand Prix. Carlo Reutemann wa employed an a substitution, o with Clay Regazzoni driving the other vehicle, Ferrari needed to run three vehicle in the 1976 Italian Grand Prix when Lauda returned surprisingly oon (just multi week after greetings mishap). Lauda cored point, however resigned from the lat race in Japan in overwhelming precipitation, thu permitting Jame Hunt to take the title by stick an ingle point. In 1977 Lauda, having returned from hello close to deadly crah the previou year, took the title again for Ferrari (and the group won the cotrucutor' championhip), defeating hey progressively liked, and supported, colleague. Greetings connection with the group, epecially the group director Mauro Forghieri kept on falling apart, and he concluded at last to leave for Brabham. (Mazzucato, 2002, 55-88) In 1978, Ferrari dashed with Carlo Reutemann and Gille Villeneuve, and keeping in mind that they figured out how to deliver an olid vehicle it, similar to everybody that year, wa outclaed by the ground impact Lotu 79. (Mazzucato, 2002, 55-88) Jody checkter supplanting the Lotu bound Argentinian in 1979, took the title, upported by Gille Villeneuve (who obediently followed the outh

MIT-Now in Español!

MIT-Now in Español! Hola! I’m delighted to introduce the newest page to the MIT Admissions website- MIT Admissions en Español! After brainstorming content ideas for the page and working with the communications team on an Español video, featuring members of the Spanish-speaking community at MIT, we are excited to now launch the MIT Admissions page en Español. On this page, we have translated the history and mission of MIT so students can help their Spanish-speaking parents and grandparents gain an understanding about MIT. And we want everyone to gain a deeper understanding of the friendly and welcoming community found at MIT. In the video we feature Spanish-speaking faculty, staff, and students describing our collaborative environment, and the research opportunities available to MIT students. Also, at the bottom of the page we have included blogs from students and staff at MIT. Go ahead and read through them, feel free to share them with your parents, and post your questions! It is our hope that students will use this page as a resource and share it with their families; whether for the college application process or to just find out more about MIT and what makes it such a great place. ~Hasta luego!

MIT-Now in Español!

MIT-Now in Español! Hola! I’m delighted to introduce the newest page to the MIT Admissions website- MIT Admissions en Español! After brainstorming content ideas for the page and working with the communications team on an Español video, featuring members of the Spanish-speaking community at MIT, we are excited to now launch the MIT Admissions page en Español. On this page, we have translated the history and mission of MIT so students can help their Spanish-speaking parents and grandparents gain an understanding about MIT. And we want everyone to gain a deeper understanding of the friendly and welcoming community found at MIT. In the video we feature Spanish-speaking faculty, staff, and students describing our collaborative environment, and the research opportunities available to MIT students. Also, at the bottom of the page we have included blogs from students and staff at MIT. Go ahead and read through them, feel free to share them with your parents, and post your questions! It is our hope that students will use this page as a resource and share it with their families; whether for the college application process or to just find out more about MIT and what makes it such a great place. ~Hasta luego!

The theme of Symbolism and War in Persepolis - Free Essay Example

Every war has millions of stories, and people who lived through it all tell the best ones. Persepolis refers to the ancient capital of the Persian Empire, published in the United States in 2003, is a graphic autobiography novel by the Iranian author, Marjane Satrapi. Satrapi details her experience and life before, during and after the Iranian Revolution and the Iran and Iraq war. Satrapi also includes political and cultural events that helped shape her into the women she is today. The novel begins after the Islamic revolution had started, when Satrapi is only 10 years old. Women were forced to wear the Veil, girls and boys were placed in separate schools, and entertainment activities such as music, playing cards or even having posters of singers were banned. Satrapi, goes by Marji in the book, and her family werent happy about all the changes. Her family was considered modern and secular. Satrapi got in trouble many times throughout the first chapters because of her rebellious acts so her family sent her to Austria. After going through tough times in Austria, Satrapi went back to Iran. She got married and shortly after getting divorced then moved to France for good. Satrapis Persepolis is a fascinating book that illustrates many rhetorical strategies, but the four that affected me the most were her use of imagery, syntax, irony and symbolism. The use of these devices made her story come to life. One of the many rhetorical devices Satrapi uses is Imagery; she uses both visual and verbal imagery. Satrapi uses many visual imagery examples throughout the story since its a graphic novel but the strongest example is when her hometown, Tahran, got bombed. Satrapi was out with a friend shopping when she heard it on the radio. She ran as fast as possible to get home and make sure her house and family were okay. When she made it home, she found out that her mother was home alone at the time and the bomb didnt hit their house. Her mother told her that the bomb destroyed their neighbors house, Baba-Levys. While walking home with her mother, Satrapi looks at the destroyed house and sees an arm with a purple bracelet under a pile of bricks. Starapi immediately remembers her neighbors daughter Neda and looks away, then says, No scream in the world could have relieved my suffering and anger. (Strapi 142) Starapi chose to draw this panel with nothing but a black image to describe her overwhe lming pain and sadness. An example of verbal imagery is when Satrapis parents come home after a long day of protesting against the shah, she describes her parents by saying, After marching and throwing stones all day, by evening they had aches all over, even in their heads.(Satrapi 18) This quote shows how worn out and exhausted her parent were due to all the horrible changes in their country. A second rhetorical technique Satrapi uses is Syntax. Syntax is the grammatical use of words to make well-formed sentences. An example of syntax in Persepolis is when Satrapi was a young girl and realized the differences between the social classes, she said, The reason for my shame and for the revolution is the same: the difference between social classes. (Satrapi 33) Satrapi uses a colon to make her readers feel as if they have made the realization with her. Another use of syntax is when Satrapi was explaining how Iranian felt about the shah, she wanted to create a playful tone by using a colon, she said, The people wanted only one thing: his departure! So finally.. (Satrapi 41) then we see a picture of the Shah, his soldiers and protesters indicating that he left. A third rhetorical device Satrapi uses in Persepolis is irony. Irony is used to describe how things seem and how they really are. There are three different types of Irony, verbal Irony, situational irony and dramatic irony. An example of dramatic irony in Persepolis is when the shah gets dethroned; the United States refused to give him a shelter when they were his biggest supporters when he was still a ruler. Satrapi also uses situational irony when she told the story of her parents and wine in the The Wine chapter. She explains that during the Islamic revolution, people were not allowed to party or drink but her family and friends still did it. One day, her family went to celebrate her newborn cousin. On the way back home, the police stopped them and asked them if they have been drinking, Satrapis father denied it. The police decided to follow them home and search it for any banned items. So when the family got home, Satrapi and her grandmother ran upstairs and got rid of all the wi ne. Satrapis father ended up bribing the police officer and made him leave. After the police had left, Satrapis father wanted alcohol badly but ironically, Satrapi and her grandmother got rid of it all. Another use of situational irony is in the The Passport chapter. Satrapi and her family went to visit her aunt. While they were there, her aunts husband started smoking so his wife got mad at him and asked him to stop smoking because he has had two heart attacks in the past, but her aunts husband said, The stress I get from every gunshot I hear is much worse for me than the cigarettes. (Satrapi 118) Ironically, he gets hospitalized few days later due to his fear from a grenade that his neighborhood and dies. The last and the most important rhetorical device Satrapi uses in Persepolis is Symbolism. Symbolism is the use of symbols to illustrate ideas by giving them important meanings that are different from their natural or exact definition. Starapi uses many examples of symbolism in her novel. One of the most important symbols is her bed. Satrapi mentions her bed many times throughout her story. Its where she does most of her thinking in the novel. We see it through her moments of change and maturing. The bed could symbolize a better world for Satrapi as well as her mind and thoughts. The cigarette in the The Cigarette chapter is also a great use of symbolism. In this chapter, Satrapi makes new friends and ends up skipping class with them. Her mother finds out and gets mad at Satrapi. Satrapi being upset goes down to the basement. While Satrapi is in the basement thinking about all the horrible things going on in her country; she finds a cigarette and smokes it then she says, With this fi rst cigarette I kiss childhood goodbye. (Satrpai 117) The cigarette symbolizes Satrapis independence but it also symbolizes her own act of rebellion against whats going on in her country as well as against her mother who thinks Satrapi was a child still. Another important use of symbolism in Persepolis is the veil. We are introduced to the veil in the very first chapter The Veil. The chapter explains how women and young girls were forced to wear the veils. Satrapi as a young girl, and her friends didnt like wearing the veil simply because they didnt understand why they had to wear it. Wearing the veil wasnt a choice, it was obligated and a set law by the government, all females had to wear it. Satrapis family was modern and didnt like to wear the veil. Satrapi and her mother would only wear it when they go out to avoid getting in trouble, but would not wear it at home. She says, I really didnt know what to think about the veil. Deep down I was very religious, but as a family we were very modern and avant-garde. (Satrapi 6) As time went by, the veil became even more of a big of a deal to the government. Satrapis mother went through an awful and terrible experience because of it. Satrapis mothers car broke down, while waiting for Satra pi and her father to come and get her, she was stopped and insulted by two men because she wasnt wearing the veil. Satrapis mother said, They insulted me. They said that women like me should be pushed up against a wall and raped then thrown in the garbage, and that if I didnt want that to happen, I should wear the veil. (Satrapi 74) The veil in Persepolis symbolizes the abuse and persecution of women and covering their freedom and voice. It also symbolizes the oppressive Iranian government. Satrapis Persepolis is a great book filled with cheerfulness, sorrow and moments of childhood in a world where children were forced to do things they didnt want to do and didnt understand why they had to do it. Where kids had to grow up sooner than the rest of the world. War is a hard subject to write about, but with Satrapis great use of rhetorical strategies, such as imagery, irony, syntax and symbolism, it gave the novel a playful and cheerful tone.

Market Society - 1668 Words

Xiaoxi Chen Chen 1 Professor Cameron Johnston AP/SOSC1140 12 February 2015 The Great Transformation to Market Society We are living in market society, which is so different from previous societies. In market society, the whole of society is a system of self-regulating market (Polanyi 43). In order to make the market society function, people need to think and act in certain ways(Polanyi 68). For example, people in market society think that economic relations are much more important than interpersonal relations (Polanyi 44). Polanyi calls the emergence of market society â€Å"the great transformation†. My thesis statement is that the shift to market society is a†¦show more content†¦In contrast, the economy within societies based on tradition lies on procedures designed in the past and maintained by shared customs and beliefs which are extremely powerful (Helibroner 8). For a society based on commands, there is always an imposed authority or an economic command. The economic problems are solved according to the commanderâ€⠄¢s decisions (Helibroner 10). This is the very first time in human beings’ history that economy is run by markets, making the transformation to market society appear to be unprecedented (Polanyi 43). What also characterizes market society is the emergence of the concept of â€Å"fictitious commodities†. Fictitious commodities refer to labor, land, and money (Polanyi 72). â€Å"fictitious† implies that they are actually not commodities (Polanyi 72). They are turned into commodities for the effective operation of market society (Polanyi 72). In market society, everything is provided as a commodity. As the major elements of industry, labor, land , and money need to be provided for maintaining productivity and they can only be provided when they are on the market for sale (Polanyi 72). Differently, â€Å"Under the feudalism and the gild system land and labor formed part of the social organization itself † (Polanyi 69). Land were crucial for feudal order, sta tus and function of which â€Å"were determined by legal and customary Chen 3 rules† (Polanyi 69).Show MoreRelated Markets and Society Essay2077 Words   |  9 PagesMarkets and Society In his famous book, The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith descried the free market system as a self-regulating mechanism, which maximizes society’s wealth and well-being. Indeed, since the time of Adam Smith, the free market has been an incredibly successful system for improving society. This can be attributed to an increase in overall wealth, innovation, and efficient resource allocation. Unfortunately, the market system also suffered numerous drawbacks, the most important beingRead MoreThe Shift from Traditional Societies to a Market Society1012 Words   |  5 Pagesconditions are integral components of a market society, which interacted and changed the ways we view market society today. 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It is an economy directed by market prices† (Polayni, 43). To elaborate, this means every product is controlled by supply and demand, and the price is not determined by the government. Differing from today, in the past theRead MoreA Free Market Is Governed By Ethan Watters s Rent Seeking And The Making Of An Unequal Society845 Wor ds   |  4 PagesA free market allows businesses to compete among themselves without restrictions in hopes of encouraging competitive pricing and earning honest success. In this sense, a free market is governed almost entirely by ethics. But without restrictions, businesses can choose to collectively participate in unethical actions which would make the market corrupt and faulty. As evident in Ethan Watters The Mega-Marketing of Depression in Japan, Michael Moss The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk

The Medieval period started at the fifth century and end...

The Medieval period started at the fifth century and end around the fourteenth century. Many historical events took place during this era such as the collapse of the roman empire, deaths of millions from the bubonic plague, a shift in paradigm for european’s world view, trade routes through europe, and the Norman’s conquest. The Roman church became very powerful and dictated peoples live through religion. During this time period, Kings and Queens while working alongside Christianity, gave society the worldview of feudalism. Due to feudalism and fear of sinning against the church, human civilization had hit a roadblock and made no new discoveries in scientific advancements and technology. Humanism broke most of the chains from the medieval†¦show more content†¦Men began to go to college to become lawyers, doctors, and fan out into other great and intellectual fields. Artists and writers began to have other worldly themes then past artists who were mostly all re ligious base. Individualism began to also emerge and gave the human civilization an another world view. People began to improve themselves and strive for more than what they were born with or into. Feudalism began to become a thing of the past. Society believed that education was need to give a individual creativity and well-roundedness. Their education was based primarily on the study of language, grammar, history, music, astronomy, literature, and mathematics. The renaissance didn’t really began to make a strong foundation for itself until the Henry VIII became king. Due to the increasing acceptance to the renaissance era, humanism, and the noticeability of the corruption of the church. The church decided to enter a phase of reformation. In the past, people came to the church to challenge its role in society but each and every challenge was turned down. Until Martin Luther nailed a paper to the church door called the ninety five theses. The ninety five theses was composed of the many different things and ideas that were wrong with church such as the corruption within its walls. Royalty defiance was also another one of the many pushers for the reformation. Many oaths were suggested between the church and royalty regarding who would have what final say inShow MoreRelatedHuman Primates, Humans, And Humans1679 Words   |  7 PagesHumans evolve from apelike ancestors approximately five million years ago. Most closely related to us are our non-human primates such as African great apes, chimpanzees and gorillas. Scientific studies reveal that more si milar traits are being share by human and our non-human primates compared to other animals. As human evolve from our apelike ancestors, changes in our DNA differentiate ourselves from our non-human primate. 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Summary Great Depression - 1445 Words

Phillip Durgin March 10th, 2016 G Block History Great Depression DBQ As â€Å"prosperity s decade† came to a symbolically harsh and sudden end on Thursday, October 24, 1929, the United States government, led by President Herbert Hoover, was thrown into the unknown. No such downturn had ever presented itself before, which compounded itself with the lack of economic understanding present at the time. Yet it had seemed that the economy was healthy before the crash. Employment was high and inflation was low. Yet these conditions only served as a mirage for many Americans. As industrialists became wealthy using new age technology and selfish business methods, 70 million people lived below the poverty line. Many of these men and women lived in†¦show more content†¦Unemployment would skyrocket, coinciding with a massive decrease in industrial production. The country was in shambles, unable to find a way out of its economic woes. The newly elected Franklin D. Roosevelt saw his contemporary Hoover fail to stop the recessio n with his conservative policies. Believing in voluntary organization and community service, Hoover feared that federal relief programs would create a culture of dependency. What he did not recognize was that the vast size of the nation s problems had made the idea of rugged individualism inadequate. Roosevelt did not want to repeat the mistakes of the former president, instead believing that he alone must expand executive power while carrying out a policy of experimentation. He would directly lend a hand to the forgotten man, implementing bold and controversial acts in order to spur the economy. Roosevelt, although not quelling the Depression completely, effectively expanded the role of government in order to address his nation’s struggles and provide relief, recovery, and reform for the millions affected by the downturn. One such example of his efforts to relieve the burdens of the Depressions in rural America was the creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority. Even before this program, The New Deal attacked problems facing those affected by failing industry head on. Rural electrification programs were created, changing life in the country forever, as for theShow MoreRelatedPresident Fdr : A Nation s Economic Status Is A Great Responsibility That Its Government Has1259 Words   |  6 Pages2016 Resident President Keeping a country’s economic status is a great responsibility that its government has. In America during the 1930’s, the Great Depression spreads its economic disease to Americans, and as a result, many citizens become jobless and homeless. While Americans are under economic depression, little has been done by the government to ameliorate the situation. 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Each character in the movie symbolizedRead MoreKeynesian Theory And Aggregate Demand1499 Words   |  6 Pages THE KEYNESIAN THEORY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND By Riley Lennon The great depression in the 1930’s devastated the economic market, but also produced two of the greatest economists to ever live, John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich August Hayek. Why did the economist John Maynard Keynes advocate for the government to have an active role with influencing the level of economic activity. This is because Keynes believes that this will stimulate the economic activity and bring the country outRead MoreGermany s Depressed Economy Affected The Rise Of Hitler763 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 1920s, most of these countries went into an economic depression. Germany was affected more than most due to sanctions and post-war agreements. Adolf Hitler began his rise to power and began making promises to the citizens that were struggling. The deep crisis in Germany allowed Hitler to seize power in 1933. This investigation will examine how Germany’s depressed economy affected the rise of Hitler in the early 1930s. Summary of Evidence After WWI ended, there were many changes for the CentralRead MoreThe Hardships Of The Great Depression1345 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Depression ‘The hardships of the Great Depression in Australia were not shared equally.’ (Anderson et. al.,2012) The 1920s was considered a time of new technologies and the beginning of women’s rights, however as the decade came to an end it was followed by an immense economic crash. On Tuesday, 29th of October 1929, the Wall Street Stock market (New York, USA) collapsed. The prices of shares dropped dramatically causing panic selling. There were large sums of sellers, but not enough buyersRead MoreThe Great Depression By John Kenneth Galbraith829 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The Great Depression, as an unprecedented time of economic collapse and social disarray, cast a dark shadow over the U.S. and affected countries worldwide. The causes of it have always been a fascinating topic for historians and economists. There has been much debate, and no agreement has been reached. In the mid-20th century, John Kenneth Galbraith published one of his bestsellers, the Great Crash, 1929. In less than 200 pages, the book vividly recounts the history of the Wall StreetRead MoreHow did the New Deal Assist Recovery from the Great Depression?1638 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States economy recover from the world wide Great Depression ? Thesis: The New deals legislation has played a very integral part in helping recovery effort during the great depression because it led to a greater employment, and restored the security in the American economy. Although not perfect, the new deal success ultimately set the precedent for future progressive reform during times of economic depression and recession. B. Summary of Evidence: 1920s American Economy: †¢ TheRead MoreExploring Causes of The Great Depression Essay522 Words   |  3 PagesExploring Causes of The Great Depression Introduction The Wall Street crash of 29 Oct 1929 and the Great Depression that followed were such a shock to most Americans that some early attempts to explain their causes blamed sunspot activity or medieval prophecy. A few held it to be divine retribution on a people who had indulged themselves in a decade of hedonism after World War I and were due for a sobering experience. Others recognized that the 1920s had brought

The Importance Of The MLS Program - 866 Words

Briefly state the reason for your request. Attach additional pages if necessary: (Continued) I am requesting a reconsideration because I believe that I’ve had an extenuating circumstance. A series of events have happened to cause me to be in my current situation which will be explained in the next section. After spending a year in the MLS program, I learned the importance of the position and its importance to the health care field causing me to reaffirm my belief that I chose the right major. Later recently visiting Somalia during the famine and visiting countless hospitals it has shown me how much the skills this program teaches could help my people out. Whether it’s the array of misdiagnosing or lack of capable staff or constant†¦show more content†¦Many of my relatives have called accusing that most of the relief aid sent by people, families and governments never reach the people because the money and food would be given to the middle man (organization and businesses) and in most cases never to be seen. They told us if we cared enough to help then o ur only option was being direct helping on the ground. With the situation of my grandfather dying and the possible outcome of never being able to see him again, coupled with my relatives virtually starving to death since their main source of income was live stocks. In my opinion, I was basically given the chose of ignoring their cries for help and staying put or doing what the MLS program advocates and help people. *Death certificate and flight tickets attached to the email I have reread the handbook countless times and completely understood that once year four begins all year three courses and prerequisites must be passed with a C and above. I also know that I failed to complete the prerequisites of Organic Chemistry 1 because I received a C-. After doing some research I found some options that are possible moving forward if you choose to reconsider me. Option 1: Since the reason that the prerequisites are required is because these are classes that are needed to make sure that you can handle the coursework in the MLS program. 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Analysis Of Frank And Juliette s Music - 1836 Words

Frank and Juliette, both discussed their own spiritual experiences, or version of as being related to music. This presents the idea that music,in some ways, could be a secular alternative to religious practices and understandings or simply a way of experiencing spirituality in secular spheres. Frank:†¦ listen to songs where I’ve felt emotions and feelings that run past the specific context of the song †¦ this applies to more of my life than it should†¦ a lot of people have had that with music†¦ Ideas of transcendence and deep personal connection are apparent here. Juliette: Concert, not a gig †¦ a concert where you’ve been a fan for ages. There’s all these people, you’re all in the same vibe†¦ this person that you like, idolised. . . Florence and The Machine, her music is very spiritual†¦ it’s really deep...and relatable. . . . I don’t know if I’d call myself spiritual because I go to concerts and feel deep about it. . . . I guess [I listen to music] pretty much every day . . . If you compare it to religion, is like praying every day and then going to Church. So like, listening to music every day and then going to the concert. Initiation into a subculture, reflects initiation into religious rituals, thus, similar themes of spirituality emerge. Participants can accept or reject concepts of spirituality upon attending a subcultural gig. This is the space where individuals are most likely to engage with meaning in the music, captivate feelings and create memories and connectionsShow MoreRelatedMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesOxford University Press, 1974. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-226-52130-3 (pbk.) 1. Motion pictures—Semiotics. 2. Motion pictures— Philosophy. I. Title. PN1995.M4513 1991 791.43 014—dc20 90-46965 C1P The French edition of Christian Metz s Essais sur la signification au cinema, volume 1, was published by Editions Klincksieck in 1971,  © Editions Klincksieck, 1968. ÃŽËœThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence

Business Statistics Report Prevelance and Alternatives

Question: Describe about the Business Statistics Report for Prevelance and Alternatives. Answer: Introduction This report presents the statistics from the data supplied by the Ordinary Peoples Bank. This report presents a number of key findings apart from presenting the summary statistics of all the key 6 variables. It is important to point out that random sample of 50 observation were selected and all the calculation was based on this sample observations. Analysis Descriptive Statistics The first variable for which we present the descriptive statistics is transaction (in whole dollars). The mean of the observation is 7,700 dollars. The median is 8,000 dollars. The mode is 10,000 dollars. The graphical representation has been presented in Appendix 1. The next variable for which the summary account is presented is Open Account. Essentially, in my sample there were 5 individuals with accounts not opened whereas the remaining individuals totaling 45 had accounts opened. The graphical representation has been presented in Appendix 2. The mean of balance in the dollars of the sample is 606.14. The median of the balance is 390. The mode of balance is 0. The graph of the Account balance in dollars has been presented in Appendix 3. The mean age of the sample is 60 years. The median age of the sample is 61 years. The mode age of the sample is 51 years. The graph of the age has been presented in Appendix 4. The sex of the sample has been categorized as 1 for males and 0 for females. The associated graph has been shown in the Appendix 5. The type of account is characterized as 1 for Visa and 0 for both savings and cheque. The associated graph has been shown in Appendix 6 (Isotolo, n.d). Confidence Interval The average age of account holders for the open accounts only is 60 years. The lower bound of the age for 95% confidence interval is 56.33. The upper bound of the age for 95% confidence interval is 63.17. In other words, it can be said with 95% confidence that the average age of the true sample (which includes 1000 observation, in our case) lies between 56.33 and 63.17. The relevant calculation has been shown in Appendix 6 (Thompson, 2011). The true mean of age from the full data is 58 years. Hence, the fact that the true mean falls within the confidence interval bounds is verified. The average total transaction dollars for all accounts is 7,770. The lower bound of the total transaction dollars for 95% confidence interval is 6975.95. The upper bound of the total transaction dollar for 95% confidence interval is 8564. The relevant calculation has been shown in Appendix 7. The true mean of total transaction from the full data is 8022 dollars. Hence, the fact that the true mean falls within the confidence interval bounds is verified (Reyna, 2010). Hypothesis Testing Difference of Mean for Account Balance between Male and Female A hypothesis test was performed in order to test if there is a difference in mean value of accounts between male and female. The hypothesis clearly indicates that the mean value of account balance for both males and females is the same. More details are given in Appendix 8. Difference of Mean for Average Transaction Dollar for Visa and Non-Visa A hypothesis test was performed in order to test if there is a difference in mean value of average transaction dollar between Visa and Non-Visa. The hypothesis clearly indicates that the mean value of account balance for both Visa and Non-Visa is the same. More details are given in Appendix 9 (Paiva, n.d). Correlation and Regression The scatterplot of the diagram has been displayed below. The x axis represents the age and Y axis represents the transaction. The linear regression model will take the form given below The coefficient of determination of this regression model is 47.20%. In other words, 47% of the variation in transaction is explained by age. Age has negative relationship with transaction (in dollars). In other word, an increase in age by one unit decreases the transaction by 114.91 dollars. Essentially, decrease in age leads to an increase in transaction (in dollars). See Appendix 10 for the Output Table. The coefficient of correlation is -0.47 between these two variables. See Appendix 11 for the Output Table. The hypothesis that was conducted revealed that the coefficient is statistically different from zero. Check Appendix 12 for the Output Table (Anderson, 2000). Conclusion A number of key findings has been derived from the report. The most important finding was that age has negative relationship with transaction. The bank should make an attempt at finding out the reasons that leads to this negative relationship. In fact, the transaction of individuals should increase with age but in this case it does not. References Anderson, D., 2000. Null Hypothesis Testing. Problems, Prevalence and Alternatives. Journal of Wildlife Management, 64(4), pp. 912-923. Isotolo, J., n.d. Basic Statistics. University of Helsinki, [online]. Available at: https://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/jmisotal/BoS.pdf [Accessed 25 October 2016]. Paiva, A., n.d. Hyothesis Testing. University of Utah, [online]. Available at: https://www.sci.utah.edu/~arpaiva/classes/UT_ece3530/hypothesis_testing.pdf [Accessed 25 October 2016]. Reyna, O., 2010. Data Preparation and Descriptive Statistics. Princeton University, [online]. Available at: https://www.princeton.edu/~otorres/DataPrep101.pdf [Accessed 25 October 2016]. Thompson, G., 2011. Hypothesis Testing for Difference of Population Parameters. Hypothesis Test Difference, [online]. Available at: https://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/socr/uploads/3/32/thomson_socr_econ261_hypothesisdifferencemeans_viii.pdf [Accessed 25 October 2016].

Financial Accounting Quality and the Adoption

Question: Describe about the Financial Accounting for Quality and the Adoption. Answer: Introduction Woolworths Limited is retail company of Australia with extension in interest overall the Australia and New Zealand. It is second largest organization in the list of revenue. It was founded in 1924 and has its headquarters in Bella Vista, New South Wales, Australia. Percy Christmas, Stanley, Cecil, George and Ernest founded it. Woolworths has a division in petrol sector, hotel industries, general merchandise, home improvements and groceries. Woolworths opened its first shop as in the name of Woolworths Stupendous at the Bargain Basement in the Pitt Street of Sydney. Woolworths has been listed on the Australian Securities Exchange in the year 1996. Woolworth has made expansion in the business of the Liquor. In the year 2006 Woolworths had been rolled as new Retail point for selling of the system which will be running on the IBM POS Hardware as well as LCD touch screens all over the stores. In Australia there was hospitality group and leisure period was 75% which was owned by the Woolwo rths (Woolworths Online.2016). BHP Billiton Limited is a mining, metal and petroleum industry with headquarters in Melbourne, Australia. This was founded in the year 1860. Products of the industry are iron ore, petrol, coal, copper, nickel, uranium and natural gas. BHP is listed in the as dual company. In the UK, the BHP Billiton Plc had been listed on the London stock exchange with constituent in FTSE 100 Index. The Australian group of BHP Billiton Limited and British BHP Billiton Plc is listed as separate entity with the different holders of the bodies. Instead of that, it was operating on one business in the identified boards of directors as well as a structure of single management. In the year 1998, for the reconstruction of the company, BHP had hired an American in the name of Paul Anderson. Anderson had achieved successful phase in the completion of the merger between BHP and London Based Billiton. BHP Billiton was operating in a wide range of mining and processing of oil and gas production which was operat ing over 25 countries with employment opportunity given to 41,000 (Bhpbilliton.com.2016). Part 1: Disclosure of leasing Woolworths Lease are divided as category of the Finance leases by the Woolworths, in which terms of the lease are getting transferred substantially to all the rewards and risk which is under the lessee ownership as done under Accounting Standard AASB 1008 Leases. All the other leases under Woolworths are categorized as operating leases. Payments of the operating leases are identified as a cost, which is based on the straight-line method over the term of lease (Deegan 2012). Payments of the rental lease are increased by fixed rate, but that will be excluding the contingents. Similarly, there is an increase in the rentals of the index based are identified over the straight-line method on and over the term of lease. Based on the straight-line method the differences in the amount asset and liability are paid as well as the amount of the lease. An incentive, which is received from the operating lease, is primarily identified as liability and then it is identified as lease expense by straight-line me thod over a certain lease term (Deegan 2016). Concerning Leasehold improvement every year, there has been increased improvement. For the leasehold property there was useful life of maximum 25 years that to in the retail property, whereas, 40 years in the case of hotels (Samkin and Deegan 2012). Amortization of the Leasehold improvements was comparatively shorter for the left over period of the leases of individual or the estimation of the useful life was done for the growth of the entire Woolworths. Leases are also available under the current and non current borrowings. The disclosure of the lease has been done by the Accounting Standards, i.e., AASB 117 (Weil et al., 2013). Under the Australian Financial Reporting Standard AASB 117 is related to the disclosure of leases is the setting of the paragraphs from 1 66. AASB 117 had commenced on July 15, 2004, and an application was made on January 1, 2005 (Horngren et al., 2012). BHP Billiton In case the of BHP Billiton there was decrease in the net finance cost which was reflecting the gains achieved from foreign exchange on the finance lease with redemption of Petrohawk Energy Corporation, this leads to resulting in profit for the redemption as well as expense for the lower interest (Wang 2014). Finance of lease included in the power generation and asset transmission. Payment of the lease is subjected to the escalation of inflation clauses on the rentals of the contingent to be evaluated. The lease of this will involve the extension and options of renewal. In case of the operating lease which is included in the division of the property, plant and equipment following the Accounting Standard AASB 1008 Leases. Rental payment of the company in fixed, whereas escalation of the inflation clause under which there is determination of the contingent rentals (Rahman 2013). There is option of renewal and extension of the specific leases. An asset which was under the system of leas e, which was arising from the receiving of the group and substantially all risk and rewards in the ownership of assets are being capitalized as lower fair value of all the property, plant and equipment. The estimation was presented on the payments of lease with minimum value. The correspondence in the obligation of the lease in finance and will be included inside the bearing of the interest in liabilities (Arnold 2012). Provision will be made on the present value of the operating lease payments, which will be in surplus to the space of the lease. Rights of the oil and gas will be initially taking the form of a lease. Similarly, it will also owe the onshore outright in fee. Operating on the lease of the rent payment is being decreased since 2013 (Adibah Wan Ismail et al., 2013). In Macedon and Stybarrow there was production of license, which was issued which, was issues by Australia Government after the expiration of the five years of the production process. Operating lease is identi fied as liability when subsequent and receiving on the allocation of the payments of lease, which will be between the expenses of the rental liability and reduction in it (Deegan 2013). The rules, standards and regulation of the policy related to disclosure of lease that will be done on the standards of accounting in Australia in relation with AASB 117. Australian Accounting Standard Board was made as AASB 117 under the Section 334, of the Corporation Act 2001 (Yu and Wahid 2014). The main aim of the AASB 117 Leases is for the prescribing for lessors and lessees should disclose accounting policy about the prescribed rules and standards should be appropriately applied. The leases should be according to the group purpose of the financial statement of every entity in reporting. Standard of the lease in the accounting period should be only applicable if the exploration of lease is granted in the field of mineral, oil, natural gas and other similar resources. Lessor will do licensing of the contract on the transfer of the right for utilization of the assets even it is of the services with substantiality, and he may call those as maintenance of the asset (Loyeung et al., 2016). Part 2: Disclosure of liabilities - Provisions and contingent liabilities Woolworths Provision of the Woolworths are identified under the group, which is presented as legal body on the obligation of constructive result on the events of the past, it will be obvious that economic conditions (Kraal et al., 2015). Provision is distinguishable from the other liability like accounts payable and accruals because of the uncertainty about the timing of the or for the expenditure of the future settlement is necessary it will be governed under AASB 112. Employee benefit is identified for the advantage of leave, which will be annual and service of long duration, which is as per AASB 119 Employee Benefits. Self Insurance risk will be initially estimated for the liability for compensation of the worker and liability of the public claim (Camfferman. and Zeff 2015). Provision of the restructuring is to be identified in the group, which will be developed for the detailing of expectation in validity. Borrowing in the liability section will be identified initially at fair value, which is less attributable to the cost of transaction. Subsequent in the borrowing are stating in the amortization cost (Carey et al.,2014). If there is any difference relation to cost and redemption which will be identified in the consolidated profit and loss statement of the period (Bond et al., 2016). Under the head of liability there are many other divisions with other major head as current liability and non- current liability. A current liability is included in trade and other payable, borrowing, other financial liability, provision and income tax payable. Non Current liability is following the content of both of them are followed by the standard of "AASB 1044". One more accounting standards are in the provision of the Australian Accounting Standards which has to deal with a specific kind of provision, and contingent liability and entity for the application of standard. The trade payable is the payment of the liability and other goods and services which in replied in the invoices f or getting agreed by the supplier (Guthrie and Pang 2013). Accruals in the division of the liability will be received and supplied, however not paid. It will be included in the due amounts of liability. Accruals are sometimes laid under the division of the trade and other payable, which can be the provision of separate reporting. The standard of the provision of this liability is certain to the timing in the context of depreciation, impairment of the assets which will be doubtful in carrying the assets. A contingent liability is not identified as liability because it may be resourcing the economic benefit of the outflow. Further is consideration of obligation in compliance with the above-given standards of AASB. A contingent liability is disclosing the identification in paragraph 86 (Laing and Perrin 2014). BHP Billiton BHP Billiton has followed the standard of the AASB 139 - Financial Instruments with Recognition and Measurement for the disclosure of liability with respect to inclusion of provision and contingent factor but excluding the considerations of lease in the category of the liabilities (AASB 2016). According to accounting standard AASB 137 this will be applicable only if there applicability of liabilities in the division of provision and contingent liability. There will be specific requirement, which will be applicable in case of material, according with AASB 1031 Materiality. The annual report of BHP Billiton has made the accordance which will be applicable in the superseded "AASB 1044" which is included in the point provision, contingent liabilities and contingent assets as notified in the Commonwealth of Australia with Gazette no S 450 in the October 2001. BHP Billiton has not adopted the standard of 139 because it is not applicable in a case of guarantees, which is under the scope of "AASB 139" in the financial instruments for the identification and measurements. Under AASB 112 there was disclosure of the provision which is categorized as the under various categories. Provision has the following division employee benefits, restructuring and post- retirement employee benefit all this heads are coming under the category of current. Further is classification of employee benefits and post- retirement employee benefit that comes under category on non-current provision. The total of the restructuring provisions are included in the provisions of business for the terminations and in the office closures (Ifrs.org.2016). Further, there will be provision regarding to post-retirement employee benefits, which will be included in the pension liabilities and medical benefit liabilities. All the standards related to the liability and provision is truly fulfilled by the BHP Billiton and that to true with its aspects. On the overall analysis of the provision and contingent it is because of relation to the uncertainty of the amount and time. Moreover, inside this standard the contingent is utilized for the liabilities which will not be identified because of the existence in the confirmation because of the occurrence and non occurrence because one and more future of uncertainties in the event but not wholly under the entity which will be controlled. In addition, it is said that liabilities are the identification, which is not matching the criteria (Aasb.gov.au.2016). Part 3: Disclosure of Intangible Assets Woolworths From the annual report of Woolworths Limited, it has been noticed that company has intangible assets has decreased. It mainly reflects upon the decreased intangible assets especially in the New Zealand Supermarkets business in acquiring purpose (Kober, Lee and Ng 2013). In accordance with AASB 138 Intangible assets, Woolworths Limited follows the accounting standard for the given years. This particular standard is applicable to intangible assets for defining active market, cost as well as fair values and useful life of an asset of Woolworths Limited (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). Intangible assets involve the in process developing the research and development of Woolworths Limited. It acquires business combination from goodwill account resulting in legal rights from Woolworths Limited. Internal generated goodwill of Woolworths Limited recognized as intangible assets such as publishing titles as well as customer lists. Research costs are mainly incurred that are recognized by Woolworths Limited. Development costs recognizes as assets of Woolworths Limited for viewing at the technical feasibility for the intangible assets for usage of sale. It is the ability for using or sells of intangible asset of Woolworths Limited. Cost of internal generated intangible assets of Woolworths Limited involves start-up costs, relocation costs as well as training costs and advertising costs (Ifrs.org. 2016). Intangible assets with finite useful lives help in amortization for useful number of years. It is the residual values of Woolworths Limited for predicting intangible assets for purchase of assets. Amortization period as well as amortization method of Woolworths Limited is for the intangible assets at the end of the specified year. Disclosures is maintained in the paragraph 118 to 128 as it implies intangible assets for Woolworths Limited (Horngren et al. 2013). IAS 38 explains the intangible assets as issued by International Accounting Standards Board. In the tier 1, it explains regarding the for-profit entities in compliance with IAS 38. It widely depends on the application of non-for-profit entities for providing additional guidance as mentioned in IAS 38 (Hennes 2014). Woolworths evolves as bringing innovative approach for meeting the market challenges as well as finding new ways to delight customers in the most appropriate way. These particular retail companies try its best in delivering potential growth in the upcoming financial years. It enables approaching shareholders for consistent strong returns for future years. BHP Billiton Limited From the annual report of BHP Billiton, it has been noticed that the companies abide by the accounting standard IAS 38 intangibles. BHP Billiton is an Australian-listed company operating in mining sector. Key assumptions for oil and gas derive from forward price curves as well as long-term views from the potential external sources. These prices are majorly adjusted for arriving at consistent price assessment by the market commentators. Goodwill of BHP Billiton Limited arrives at huge range. It has been allocated from various reportable segments (Hausman 2012). IAS 38 Intangible assets identify the aggregate amount of research as well as development expenditure. It relates largely with potential information of intangible assets of BHP Billiton Limited. Description is the carrying amount as well as remaining amortization period in any of the material misstatement as acquired by government grants (Guthrie and Pang 2012). Information relating to any kind of restrictions depends upon the titles of intangible assets as well as pledge of securities for the company BHP Billiton Limited. It is the amount of contractual commitments regarding the acquisition of intangible assets for BHP Billiton Limited. AASB 136 states intangible assets with indefinite useful lives for amortizing purpose as well as tested impairment of assets for BHP Billiton Limited (Ifrs.org. 2016). It reveals the useful life of an intangible asset for reviewing each period for indefinite assessment in the most appropriate way. Intangible assets of BHP Billiton Limited contain physical substance as per the Accounting Standard. Underlying assets may be either tangible or intangible assets for finance lease obligations for BHP Billiton Limited. As far as non-current intangible assets are concerned, it is applicable for sale as per the Accounting Standard (Drury 2013). Goodwill acquisition is mentioned in the business combination under the AASB 3 Business Combination. Intangible assets define as the ident ifiable attributes that differentiates with goodwill. Recognition of goodwill for BHP Billiton Limited is the business combination as represented in the future economic benefits. It is individually identified as acquired in the asset allocation and is also stated in the financial statements of BHP Billiton Limited. Part 4: Disclosure of revenue Woolworths From the annual report of Woolworths Limited, it has been noted that the company follows the disclosures of revenues under Accounting Standard 9. Market position of Woolworths Limited comes under 25 global companies in case of revenues as well as market capitalization at the same time. Revenue expenses recognized as net GST as mentioned in the financial statement of Woolworths Limited (Armstrong and Ebell 2014). Implementation of new revenue standard for discussing on the stakeholder challenges as per the given accounting standards. In case of revenue from external customers, allocation has been done on evaluation of supply chain segments. It reveals the business entities for operating depending upon arm length basis. Accounting Standard 9 states that bases for recognition of revenue for Woolworths Limited taken from the profit and loss statement. It mainly focuses on the revenue recognition from ordinary activities of business enterprise for Woolworths Limited. It is the sale of goo ds, rendering of services as well as usage of enterprise resources in an effective way (Aasb.gov.au. 2016). Woolworths Limited follows the Accounting Standard for revenue recognition for removing inconsistencies as well as weakness in current revenue literature. International Accounting Standard Board as well as US Financial Accounting Standards Board jointly issued new revenue standard 15 with potential customers of Woolworths Limited. It virtually states the revenue requirements under the Accounting Standard IFRS and US GAAP. Board provides more robust framework in order to address revenue recognition issues for future analysis purpose. It improves comparability in case of revenue recognition practices in and across industries, capital markets as well as capital markets (AASB 2015). IFRS 15 specifies with the accounting treatment in case of revenue recognition arriving from contracts with customers (Kober, Lee and Ng 2013). It is applicable to business entities of entering contrac ts for providing goods as well as services. FASB requires more disclosures as mentioned in the interim financial statements of Woolworths Limited. IASB permits with impairment losses in comparison with FASB. Recognition serves as a business entity for satisfying the performance obligations for Woolworths Limited in the upcoming financial years (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). Woolworths Limited adopts these accounting standards in measuring the cash flows for generation future revenues in the most appropriate way. It reflects the amount for a business entity in transferring goods as well as services to potential customers for Woolworths Limited. BHP Billiton Limited From the annual report of BHP Billiton, the company follows the revenue recognition based upon Accounting Standard 9 (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). Future revenues from business operations for BHP Billiton Limited in project mines as mentioned in the annual report. In case for demand of products and production, it considers business operational results from existing reserves for depleting over specified time. Revenues and profits of BHP Billiton Limited derive from the oil as well as gas minerals for viewing at the financial condition. It requires generating reserves for meeting the future production requirements at the most affordable prices (Kober, Lee and Ng 2013). IAS 9 deals with revenue recognition for special considerations that arises from construction contracts as well as lease agreements for BHP Billiton Limited (Kober, Lee and Ng 2013). Further, revenue arising from hires purchase as well as other similar subsidies for future analysis purpose. BHP Billiton Limited checks over the revenue from insurance companies from the insurance contracts. It states the realized gains from the disposal as well as unrealized gains resulted from non-current assets of BHP Billiton Limited such as appreciation for fixed assets (Kaplan and Atkinson 2015). Addition to that, BHP Billiton Limited has unrealized holding gains resulted from change from financial statements. Revenue is the gross inflow of current asset figures like cash, accounts receivables as well as other business consideration from normal course of business (Ifrs.org. 2016). The above accounting standard explains the completed service contract method for accounting process in revenue recognition for statement of profit and loss (Ifrs.org. 2016). It helps in rendering of services in substantial attributes as charged by potential customers for BHP Billiton Limited. Revenue recognition concerns mainly with timing as stated in the financial statement of BHP Billiton Limited (Kober, Lee and Ng 2013). Amount of re venues arises from the business transactions as determined by agreement among the parties for future analysis purpose. It recognizes revenues like sale of goods in transferring well to the buyer in getting the access on timely manner. Conclusion and Recommendation Finally for making recommendation about the above analysis made in respect of BHP Billiton and Woolworths, regarding the accounting standard can be made on the following points: Accounting Standards in the financial reporting council is authorized for releasing the mapping of document and making provision for keeping up to date. For providing the consistency and going forward for avoidance of the more complexity. AASB has many accounting standards that will be exercised incompliance with information of the standard. The accounting standard will be an applicable short-term project, for the improvement in the clarity and consistency. The federal government should consider the present small and large thresholds given a determination of appropriation of the level at the following entity. The long is the project there is existence of the complexity in the accounting standards of AASB. The standard adopted by both the company in relation with AASB 137 is difficult for the maintenance because it is affecting the investors for the further investment in the company. The accounting standards of the BHP Billiton in respect to the revenue generation is not effective, for making improvement there has to be effectiveness in the implementation. In case of Woolworths, the intangible way of showing depreciation of the assets is not proper, for the generation of profit in respect of Gross profit; company needs to adopt policies relating to the exemption. 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