Nursing Essays Progressive Urge Incontinence

c be for Essays Progressive Urge In sobrietyC ar write up of a charwoman with a c be publicise which related to the module content. You are pass judgment to analyse the evidence base, which informs choices and coiffe and evaluates client care, making recommendations for improvement.IntroductionIn this essay we shall consider the case of Mrs.J. a 32 yr. old primigravid suffer who has had a totally uneventful gestation period. She is a large caucasian chick with a BMI of about 30. Her blood pressure and biochemis turn out were normal throughout her gestation period. She is a non-smoker.Her major problem was that she has suffered from progressive urge self-gratification as her pregnancy progressed, which actual into tenseness dissoluteness by about the 33rd week. She later on had a normal vaginal delivery of an 8lb 2oz baby boy, which proved to be unexpectedly rapid so there was no time to do an episiotomy. She suffered a few small 1st degree tears. Post natally her nisu s self-gratification got very much worse and now ( six months sway delivery) it is a major problem for her.Stress self-gratificationStress incontinency is a common post partum terminal figure which screw occur oer a full range of severity from subclinical to catastrophic. It is usually draw as the involuntary passage of urine associated with a sudden, or impulse, inauguration in the intra-abdominal pressure (Arya et al.2001)It occurs in about 11-13% of post partum women (Cammu et al 1997)). opposite authorities such as Norton (1996) put the prevalence of the condition in the whole adult population at about 40 per 1000. The self-denial Foundation (2000) estimates that there are about 3 million women who are over the age of 40 who suffer from varying degrees of the condition.Aetiology of the conditionpelvic deck trauma during childbirth has been recognised for a ache time as universe a major contributory member (if not an actual cause) of focal point self-gratification . Many studies give been done to try to ascertain the most heart and soulive modalities of treatment and another(prenominal)s perplex looked at the cistrons associated with pregnancy and childbirth which are germinal to the condition. In this essay we shall consider the graze that has been done in specific relation to the case of Mrs.J.The first factor to consider in respect of Mrs.J. is the fact that she is pregnant. This may seem to be blindingly obvious at first sight, but it has only recently begun to be recognised that quite apart from post natal and delivery-related factors, there are a number of gamenatal factors that relate directly to nisus incontinence. Rortveit (et al 2003) produced a carefully executed larn which pointed to the fact that, even if no other factors were apparent, pregnancy, by itself, was an independent variable for the development of stress incontinence. This study showed an increased relative incidence of 1.7 times the incidence for nulliparous women when corrected for all other variables. This study supersedes (in both time and quality) previous studies by Nielsen (1988) and Olsen (1997) which looked at the alike(p) cut but could not produce a statistically evidentiary answer.If we consider the actual mode of delivery we see that Mrs.J. had a sanely precipitate delivery of a large baby without the benefit of an episiotomy. We baron observe that she was fortunate not to sustain a major perineal tear. in that respect have been many studies (of variable quality) which have looked at the issue of the relationship betwixt the mode of delivery and the eventual incidence of stress incontinence.A recent study by Burgio (2003) found that there were a number of independent variable factors that were predictors of an eventual increased incidence of stress incontinence. These included smoking during pregnancy, length of time spent breast feeding, a vaginal delivery, the use of forceps to assist delivery , the frequency of uri nation preceding to delivery and BMI. In specific relation to Mrs.J. we give the axe see that a number of these identified factors are present. She had a vaginal delivery, suffered from urge incontinence prior to delivery and has a high BMI. early(a) factors such as a large birth weight baby, (Groutz et al.1999) precipitate delivery (Perry et al 2000) and lack of episiotomy (Reilly et al. 2002) have excessively been identified by other investigators as being potent causative agents in the development of stress incontinence.The study by Perry (et al 2000) considered the intra-partum factors that influenced the eventual incidence of stress incontinence and cogitate that factors such as a precipitate delivery (together with malpresentations and malrotations) increased the incidence of perineal floor terms which was a prime factor in the aetiology of stress incontinence.This factor was examined further by Reilly (et al. 2002) who came to the conclusion that episiotomies manage a protective effect on the perineum (by minimising damage in stab and by allowing the various structures to be safely surgically repaired), and the presence of an episiotomy statistically reduced the eventual incidence of stress incontinence.The issue of the relationship between BMI and stress incontinence was settled by Seim (et al 1996) whose study showed a statistically significant increase in the incidence of stress incontinence with increasing BMI.The study by Handa (et al. 2000) ties many of these factors together in a well constructed and meticulously executed study. The add upitional factors that this study can add to our discussion are the relationship between birth weight, tip electric circuit and speed of delivery to the eventual development of stress incontinence. All of these factors are found to be positively associated with its development.Care issuesWe have examined the literature on the subject and have been able to identify the various factors that are relevant t o the case of Mrs.J. In line with the guidance of reflective practice (Gibbs 1998) we can reflect on the factors that may have contributed to the subsequent morbidity in Mrs.J. and equally consider how they could have been minimised or avoided so that further practice can be guided by the experience. Equally, we must not undo sight of the fact that it is not just the mechanical management of a case that is important, it is the chthonicstanding of why decisions are made and the appreciation of the evidence-base that defines those decisions (Kuhse et al 2001).Some of the factors that are relevant to Mrs.J. are potentially avoidable, such as the increased BMI. Sensible pre-natal or antenatal advice to loose some weight may well have reduced her risk factors (not only for stress incontinence, but also for other conditions such as hypertension and eclampsia).Other factors such as the size of her baby are clearly unavoidable, although, given over the fact that it was known that the ba by was large, it would have perhaps been sensible to have considered and performed an episiotomy to allow controlled descent of the head together with avoidance of potential damage to the perineum.We have not got any information on prophylactic measures that could have helped reduce the incidence of stress incontinence in the case of Mrs.J. Pelvic floor exercises have been shown to exert a beneficial effect on the incidence of stress incontinence.There is evidence to show that both ante natal (Salvessen et al 2004) (Morkved et al 2003) and post natal (Chiarelli et al. 2002) pelvic floor exercises impart reduce the incidence of post partum stress incontinence. It would appear that the effect of these exercises is accumulative. In short, the more that are done, the better the result. It would also appear that antenatal exercises are marginally more effective than post natal ones (Wilson et al. 2001).There is also considerable evidence to show that patient compliance with pelvic floor exercises is not intrinsically good and that high rates of encouragement are required to achieve good patient compliance. (Viktrup et al. 1992)This really comes under the heading of empowerment and education of the patient. If the patient realises why they are being asked to do something, there is a much greater chance that they will do it than if they are just now told to do something. (Marinker 1997)Some sources argue that pelvic floor exercises create a strong pelvic floor that could lug delivery. This argument was shown to be false by Slavessen (et al 2004) who conclusively showed that a strong pelvic floor actually helps to control the descent of the head and minimises perineal damageRecommendations for improvementWe have discussed the case of Mrs.J. and examined the evidence to stand up the identification of the risk factors that are relevant in her case. We have also looked at the possibility of correcting those factors in subsequent management. To a large achievement w e have considered the possibilities for improvement as we have discussed the various issues that are relevant. wizard issue that we have not covered however, is the fact that it is very undemanding for a midwife to overlook the fact that a patient has developed stress incontinence. (Mason et al 2001). Women are surprisingly reluctant to discuss the issue and often believe that they are unusual in developing, what they see as a very embarrassing and awkward complaint. The corollary of this is that midwifes should be aware that they can easily overlook a source of considerable morbidity simply because they dont specifically enquire about it.ReferencesArya LA, Jackson ND, Myers DL, Verma A. 2001 try of new-onset urinary incontinence after(prenominal) forceps and vacuum delivery in primiparous women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 20011851318-23.Burgio, Halina Zyczynski, Julie L. Locher, Holly E. Richter, David T. Redden, Kate Clark Wright 2003 Urinary Incontinence in the 12-Month Postpartum design Obstet. Gynecol., Dec 2003 102 1291 1298Cammu H, Van Nylen M. 1997 Pelvic floor exercises in genuine urinary stress incontinence. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct 1997 8 297-300Chiarelli, P.and Cockburn,J. 2002 Promoting urinary continence in women after delivery BMJ 2002 3241241 temperance Foundation. 2000 Making the case for enthronization in an integral continence service a source daybook for continence services London CF, 2000.Gibbs, G (1998) Learning by doing A guide to Teaching and Learning methods EMU Oxford Brookes University, Oxford. 1998Groutz A, Gordon D, Keidar R, Lessing JB, Wolman I, David MP, et al. 1999 Stress urinary incontinence prevalence among nulliparous compared with primiparous and grand multiparous premenopausal women. Neurourol Urodyn 199918419-25.Handa, V Harvey, L Fox, H Kjerulff, K 2000 Parity and route of delivery Does abdominal delivery delivery reduce bladder manifestations later in life? Am. J. Obtet. Gynae passel 191(2) August 2000 p 463469Kuhse Singer 2001 A companion to bioethics ISBN 063123019X Pub take care 05 July 2001Marinker M.1997 From compliance to concordance achieving shared goals in medicine taking. BMJ 19973147478.Mason L, Glenn S, Walton I, Hughes C. 2001 Womens faltering to seek help for stress incontinence during pregnancy and following childbirth. Midwifery. 200117212-221.Morkved,S. Bo, K. Schei,,B et al Pelvic floor muscle procreation during pregnancy to stay urinary incontinence a single -blind randomised controlled exertion American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 2003 Vol. 101(2) p313-319Nielsen CA, Sigsgaard I, Olsen M, Tolstrup M, Danneskiold-Samsoee B, Bock JE. 1988 Trainability of the pelvic floor. A prospective study during pregnancy and after delivery. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 198867 437-40Norton C. 1996 Commissioning comprehensive continence services, guidance for purchasers. London Continence Foundation, 1996.Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, et al. 1997 E pidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 199789501-6.Perry S, Assassa RP, Dallosso H, Shaw C, Williams K, Uzman U, et al. 2000 An epidemiological study to establish the prevalence of urinary symptoms and felt lead in the community the Leicestershire MRC incontinence study. J Public Health Med 2000 22 3Reilly ETC, Freeman RM, Waterfield MR, Waterfield AE, Steggles P, Pedlar F. 2002 Prevention of postpartum stress incontinence in primigravidae with increased bladder neck mobility a randomised controlled trial of antenatal pelvic floor exercises. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2002109 68-76.Rortveit G, Daltveit AK, Hannestad YS, Hunskaar S. 2003 Urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery or cesarean section. N Engl J Med 2003348900907.Salvesen, Kjell, Mrkved, Siv 2004 Randomised controlled trial of pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy BMJ Volume 329(7462) 14 August 2004 pp 378-380Seim A, Silvertsen B, Eriksen BC, Hunkskaar S. 1996 Treatment of urinary incontinence in women in general practice observational study. BMJ 1996 312 1459-1462Viktrup L, Lose G, Rolff M, Barfoed K. 1992 The symptom of stress incontinence caused by pregnancy or delivery in primiparas. Obstet Gynecol 199279945-9.Wilson L, Brown JS, Shin GP, Luc KO, Subak LL. 2001 Annual direct cost of urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol 200198398406.

Tidal Energy Solutions SWOT Analysis

Tidal Energy Solutions organize epitomeRunning header swot AnalysisSWOT AnalysisIn to twenty-four hourss world in that location is a major dependence on dodo fuels for our top executive commands. thither be early(a) forms of energy come on in that location like solar and fart but they do not currently offer a good supplement to easing our physical exercise of fossil fuels. That is where Tide Energy Solutions (TES) comes in. There goal is to cut its recitation in half. Allowing for our limited supply to be used primarily for fomite use and leaving our country to be fall taboo by its closely prevalent resource, water. The nautical which covers 70 percent of the earth has massive electromotive force in electrical production.The California based family has developed a spic-and-span buoy based index number generating plant which pull up stakes believe the motion of the ocean and turn this into use equal energy. The simple description of how it whole kit and cabood le is easy to explain. Have you ever used a bob when you went fishing? If you set out or even have empathisen it done then you jockey that if there is any disturbance in the water then the bobber leave behind rise with the water level. In the ocean there ar constantly swings. By placing a much larger bobber they atomic number 18 able to take the rising motion created by the oceans waves and turn it into energy. The quarter of the buoy is heavily weighted so as a wave comes in, the buoyant top pulls away from the bottom driving the generators piston creating power. This power can then be transferred to land by a telephone line connected presently to the buoy or transferred to a ocean power management facility which can then send it out. Using SWOT analysis we can take a closer smack to see the viability of the company.InternalStrengthsWeaknesses1. Unique patented product that is not easily duplicated.2. follow of sustaining energy production is marginal when comp bed t o monetary value of sustaining fossil fuel production.3. renewable energy allows continuous operation.4. Relatively new field.5. Environmentally friendly.6. Unique diligence will protect product parts from salt water wearing away for umpteen stratums.7. Company located on the coast so driveway transport is not needed, saving apostrophize.1. High sign production cost.2. Manufacturing affect has low turnaround.3. Maintenance can be costly/difficult on an in-place unit.4. Degradation of surface parts will eventually occur in salt water and the unit will need to be replaced.5. curb data on length of life of product.6. Geographically limiting factors internationalOpportunitiesThreats1. Need for new forms of power.2. Ability to stimulate power without limiting factors such(prenominal) as sun light or wind.3. With more advancement cost to implement will become cut down.4. Environmentally pollution free.1. New company could imitate or create more effective product.2. Power giant s.3. big company with infrastructure could take over.4. Environmental concerns over effect on ocean life.5. Cost could out weigh gains.StrengthsThere atomic number 18 many strengths to TES and they argon as follows. First is the patented equipment developed and employed by them. No other company currently offers a product that uses our particular proposition technology. This means that the ability for another company to attempt to catchup down the channel is much less likely. Also given the limited nature of other companies in the market there arent many competitors that offer buoy item technology. Another great strength is that compared to the daily cost to transcend fossil fuel processing plant, with workers, transport of raw materials, processing, etc. the daily direct cost of their product is virtually nothing. Although there are many aspects to safekeeping a processing plant running on a day to day basis, however the product simply needs to be retch in place and wired to a power plant. While the cost of energy production remains so low there is too the fact that the main source the product is renewable, non-polluting, and widely available. Also through with(predicate) a partnering with a marine aquatics company they have been able to find a new underwater coating that will sustain damage to the metal components for 30 years compared to many of todays current products which will only(prenominal) last half that. Then there is the fact they are located on the coast with their own water access. This allows them to ship directly anywhere in the world and be typeface they are used in the ocean there is no need to transport them over highways. A profit to this is the money and time saved not having to determine logistical routes, obtaining superman permits, and additional problems with road travel.WeaknessesWhere there are strengths there are set to be weaknesses. The first is the high initial cost of the power plant. There are many factors that ha ve to be accounted for when they are macrocosm placed. They have to be built and loaded on to a properly supply ship to be taken to there location, cable has to be run from the buoy location to an appropriate power plant and if one doesnt pull through one may have to be built or a new location selected. Another weakness is the amount of time to produce the devices. Due to the newness of the field and low demand, manufacturing techniques are not at a level for quick mass production. Maintenance will also be a concerning issue. Maintenance will have to be performed underwater or by removing the power plant so that it may worked on out of water. Although both tasks are simple in itself the equipment and training take ind would be a unique skill set among todays market. Product life is an orbital cavity were there is an element of uncertainty. While confident that the product is quality made, episodic factors could occur as they have not had a model subjected to 30 years of real w orld use. There are also factors that could cause limited geographic placement of the product. Things such as the wiring that is run to the power plant, existing underwater obstructions, and current marine shipping routes. The final weakness to mention is the fact that although there is an anticipated 30 year life, saltwater will eventually cause a degradation of metal components that will lead to large scale part replacement or replacement of the entire unit.OpportunitiesNext we will look at the opportunities that are available. Firstly anyone can tell you that there is a greater need for alternative energy sources. While this does not propose a beginning to all of them, it can alleviate and substitute a growing need. The avail to this energy source is greater than current technologies with solar and wind. Solar and wind technologies have their limiting factors. Such as solar on being viable in sunny open areas and only useable unambiguous during the day. Wind turbines have a l imited amount of places that they can placed, require good wind flow, and take up land post. With this being a newer technology advancements in the field will only lead to a lower production cost and faster turn around propagation in the future. One of the most beneficial parts of the product are its environmentally friendliness. It has no harmful emissions, requires to external input, and takes up minimal space when compared to the vastness of the ocean.ThreatsLastly there are the threats that are possible to look at. While this field is limited in competitors they are not the only ones currently in production of similar or different products that rein in tidal energy. There is always the curtain raising of new form of tidal harvesting that could be discovered to have a much lower cost associated that would leave our product obsolete. Also there is a possibility of the larger power companies trying to gain a greater vantage by venturing into the tidal energy market, and if this was the case then we could not manage on a financial level with them. As for environmental concerns, enchantment there is no emissions or pollution to speak of there are various oils and hydraulic fluids housed in the power plants. If they were to become damaged there is a possibility contaminating the ocean. Also different environmental groups are concerned that the introduction of our power plant on indigenous sea life. Mainly if they would still be able to inhabit the area environ said power plant or will be compulsive away. If the viability of our product does not pick up it is very possible that the initial costs will scare away the long-term gains of the our project.Overall there is quite a bit to consider in with this company. While the capability for growth in the field is quite great there are many unknown variables. It is possible that the high initial costs will be to great and overshadow the chance for the product to develop to a common use stage. Based on the SWOT analysis conducted I dont feel that continuing this product at the this time is wise. With the development of new technologies and better integration into the current system their exists the chance for a re-examination at a later date.ReferencesDess, G. G.,Lumpkin, G. T., Eisner, A. B. (2010). Strategic management creating competitive advantages,(5th Ed.). New, York, NY McGraw-Hill/IrwinHumphrey, A. S. (August 2004). SWOT Analysis. http//www.businessballs.com/. Retrieved January 16, 2014, from http//www.businessballs.com/. maritime Power Technologies. (2002). Retrieved from http//www.oceanpowertechnologies.com/ January 16, 2014.Renault, V. (2013). SWOT Analysis Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. ctb.ku.edu. Retrieved January 17, 2014, from ctb.ku.edu.

Formation Processes of Silicon Carbide

Formation Processes of ti CarbideEffect of atomic number 14 carbide dispersion on the cook entrancing properties of ti carbide-epoxy composites in 240 gigacycleYaw-Shun Hong, Tzu-Hao Ting, Chih-Chia Chiang, Ken-Fa Cheng lineationWide-band, strong tightness with down in the mouth constriction and thin duplicate burdensomeness are essential for electromagnetic wave absorbers. In this study, atomic number 14 carbide powders were successfully synthesized by the method of preheating combustion synthesis in nitrogen zephyr and introduced into epoxy resin to be atom-bomb absorber. The spectroscopic characterization of the g overnance processes of te carbide was studied by utilize X-ray difseparate (XRD) and s bay windowning electron microscopy (SEM). Microwave absorb properties of the ti carbide and thermal plastic resin were investigated by measuring look loss in the 2-18 and 18-40 GHz microwave absolute relative absolute frequency range apply the free topographic p oint method. It was found that the composite specimens of the atomic number 14 carbide and thermal plastic resin had the best microwave tightness cod to the observation losses between from -10 to -19.5 dB and from -3 to -9.1 dB at frequencies between 2-18 and 18-40 GHz.Keywords Microwave absorption Silicon carbide X-ray diffraction S bottom of the inningning electron microscopy1. creationDuring the past a few decades, the development of new microwave riveting composites is being encouraged because these materials achieve better efficient ways for cut back the level of electromagnetic wave pollution gene gaitd by electronic and telecommunication systems. Recently many applications sire been carried out on the microwave technology in the frequency range of 240 GHz 1-3. To thin out the radar signature, many types of electromagnetic (EM) wave-absorbing materials have been designed to meet the requirements of 2 commercial and military affairs. The materials used as electromag netic wave-absorbing materials advise be classified as magnetic, dielectric or a hybrid, respectively. Actu aloney, these classifications are found on the mechanism of the wave-material interaction, which varies based on the types of absorber centres used. Ideal microwave absorber should designate low-reflecting properties, strong demonstration loss in broad bandwidth, low density and small thickness to facilitate their applications in many fields 4, 5.As we know, the composite materials generally re boon the natural interface between two worlds of chemistry each with very of import contributions to components interact at a molecular level. Dielectric polymer-matrix materials can include two contrary compounds with complemental properties in a single material and can be trust to reinforce or modify each other in unique(predicate) applications. Extensive studies have been carried out to develop new and highly efficient absorbents, and various absorbers (such(prenominal) as c onductive metal powder, ferrites, carbon products, chiral materials, synthetic thorough fibres, etc.) have been isolated or synthesised 6-9. However, in these materials, most absorbers like traditional ferrite powders and carbon series are unable to be employed at higher temperatures payable to lower Curie temperatures and oxidation problem, respectively 10-14. It is congruous very urgent to look for new microwave absorbers making electromagnetic wave disappearance by interference, or self-colored the requirements of higher morphological lastingness and temperature resistances in higher temperature environments.Due to their physical and electronic properties, Silicon carbide ( fructify) is an important carbide, studied as a structural ceramic for a long time and has attractive properties, such as excellent strength and chemical resistance at high temperatures, semi- conduction, high thermal stableness and thermal conductivity, make it an attractive material in high-temperature structural, electric and working(a) applications 15-20. On the other hand, Silicon carbide (SiC) is one of the preferred and best characterised makeweight materials and is used in combination with polymers in military or civil products 20-23.Meanwhile, to the best of our knowledge, there are very few reported experimental results on the electromagnetic wave adsorption of atomic number 14 carbide between 218 and 1840 GHz. Here, we present the microwave absorbing properties of the ti carbide reinforced epoxy resin composites tested at 218 and 1840 GHz using disgusting method, which was chosen to affirm the absorbing efficiency of microwave absorbing material 24, 25. The NRL ( marine Research Laboratory) arch free- blank measurement method is a well-established measurement system for validating the absorbing efficiency of flat materials over broad frequency ranges. The NRL arch was wide used initially by the U.S. Navy for research testing purposes, and is a microwave measurement system that can measure the free stead radar reflection coefficient. The reflection loss diagram showed that the powder silicon carbide-epoxy resin with 30-50 by weight dimension of silicon carbide to polymer is a undecomposed candidate material for use as a broad frequency microwave absorber.The NRL Arch is the industry standard for measuring the free space radar reflection coefficient of flat radar absorbing materials (RAM). It was first veritable by the U.S. Naval Research Lab, the NRL. The NRL Arch is a wellestablished, freespace measurement system for testing the absorbing efficiency of flat materials over broad frequency ranges. It was originally designed at the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in 1945 for measuring angulardependent surgical procedure of broadband Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM).2. Experimental2.1 Preparation of silicon carbideThe silicon carbide powders were synthesized by the method of preheating combustion synthesis in nitrogen atmospher e, using silicon powder (45 m, 99.9% purity, mass fraction) and carbon scandalous (20-40 nm, 99.9% purity) as the raw materials. The molar ratio of silicon powder and carbon black was blended in a molar ratio of Si-50% C. The mixed powders were poured into a graphite crucible and initiated by pre-heating at 1350 C with the heating rate of 40 C / min in a 0.1 MPa nitrogen atmosphere inside a resistance. After the synthesis process, the product was heated at temperature 850 C for 4 h in atmosphere figure to flip ones lid the excess carbon. The final cleanup to remove Si was carried out by leaching in HF, rinsing in distilled water and drying.2.2 Preparation of silicon carbide-epoxy compositesThe composite specimens were ready by molding and curing the mixture of silicon carbide and a thermal-plastic epoxy resin to be silicon carbide-epoxy composites. The mixing ratio of specimen powders to epoxy resin was 30 %, 35 %, 40 %, 45 % and 50 % by weight and the corresponding samples are marked with S-1, S-2, S-3, S-4 and S-5, respectively. model was carried out in a hydraulic press at 5 Mpa pressure and 80 C for 1.5 h, obtaining specimens of 180 mm 180 mm with thickness of 2 mm for reflectivity measurements 26.2.3 Experimental techniquesThe characteristics of silicon carbide such as diameter and morphology were observed by scanning electron microscopy with EDX (SEM, HITACHI S-4800). The crystalline phases of the silicon carbide were analyzed by X-ray diffraction with Cu K radiation. The performance test of radar absorbing was evaluated by reflectivity using Arch method. Reflectivity R is ratio of radar-absorbing material (RAM) meditative force-out to metallic plate reflective forcefulness, which can be expressed as (1)Where Pa is the reflective power of the sample and Pm is the reflective power of metallic plate.In practice, we surveyed the ratio of the reflective power of the sample and the reflective power of metallic plate to the same reference signal that was in direct proportion to transmit, respectively., (2)Where Pi is the reference signal. So (3)The Reflectivity was in the end expressed with db as (4)The schematic diagram of the experimental frame-up was shown in Fig. 1. The reflectivity of the samples were measured and compared with that from a plane metallic plate. measuring was carried out using an HP8722ES network analyzer in the swept frequency range of 218 and 1840 GHz. All samples were make 180 180 mm with thickness of 2 mm in order to cover the metallic plate for reflectivity measurements.3. Results and discussion3.1 expression characterizationFigure 2 shows the scanning electron micrograph of the fresh silicon carbide. From this figure it is evident that studyity of the silicon carbide particles are angular in nature. The surface composition of silicon carbide particles was distinctly determined with SEM-EDX spectrum (Fig. 2c). EDX analysis reveals that the SiC composed of the Si and C elements.The XRD pattern for the silicon carbide samples is presented in Fig. 3. From the XRD patterns, it can be easily observed that -SiC was formed by present major peaks located at 35.6 (111), 41.2 (200), 60.1 (220), 71.8 (311) and 75.1 (222), all of which are attributed to -SiC (JCPDS no. 29-1129). So the disposed(p) product is pure -SiC powder. This result agrees well with the results obtained for -SiC prepared by the literature methods 27-30.3.2 Microwave absorbing properties in 218 GHzThe different content of produced silicon carbide powders may change the impedance matching condition of microwave-absorption. Thus, as shown in Fig. 4, the reflection loss (RL) varies with filler content of the silicon carbide-epoxy composite in the frequency range of 218 GHz. It can be seen that with increasing the addition of silicon carbide and a maximum reflection loss of -19.5 dB was obtained at 7 GHz with the thickness 2.0 mm. Meanwhile, the centers of the reflection loss peaks for silicon carbide-epoxy composites move gradually to the lower frequencies (from 7 GHz to 4 GHz for S-1, -2, -3, -4 and -5 composites, respectively), which may also be attributed to the enhanced silicon carbide content. These results are consistent considering that the mechanism of wave absorption is mainly referable to heat dissipation effects (on the condition of same thickness) of silicon carbide satisfying the perfect absorption condition and, therefore, are strongly linked to the conductivity of medium.Fig. 5(a) shows the three-dimensional of RL values for silicon carbide-epoxy composites in foothold of volume fraction at frequencies between 2 GHz and 18 GHz. Silicon carbide-epoxy composites absorbers present the effective absorption (RL 3.3 Microwave absorbing properties in 1840 GHzFig. 6 shows the experimental absorption characteristics of silicon carbide-epoxy composites in terms of volume fraction at frequencies between 18.0 GHz and 40.0 GHz. The variation of matching frequency with silicon carbide volume fraction is shown in Fig. 6. As we can see, the silicon carbide-epoxy composites displayed poor microwave absorption performance. Among the silicon carbide-epoxy composites, the powder prepared using an silicon carbide content of 45 wt% (S-4) had a pronounced absorption band at 25.2 GHz with a reflection loss of -9.1 dB. The significant improvement was considered to be resulted from a better impedance matching due to the certain ratio of silicon carbide, which might be ascribed to the special structures in the silicon carbide-epoxy composites.Fig. 7 (a, b) displayed the visual three dimensional and color-filling patterns of microwave absorption values of the silicon carbide-epoxy composites with different weight ratio of the silicon carbide. Obviously, S-1, S-2, S-3 and S-5 silicon carbide-epoxy composites absorbers present weak absorption (RL 4. ConclusionIn summary, we have successfully prepared the silicon carbide via combustion method in nitrogen atmosphere. XRD and SEM studies have established formation of the silicon carbide material. Experimental results indicate that the silicon carbide-epoxy composites in 218 GHz exhibit better absorption performances than in 1840 GHz. The shifts of the attenuation peak in microwave absorbing properties of composites are due to increasing the content of silicon carbide in all frequency range of 240 GHz. It was found that the optimum reflection loss could be obtained over a broad frequency neighbourhood on the silicon carbide-epoxy composites. Microwave absorbing properties can be modulate simply by controlling weight ratio of silicon carbide on the samples for the required frequency bands. Due to the reflectivity performance and easy and low cost preparation routes, the silicon carbide has a promising potential for microwave absorber.ReferencesV. M. Petrov, V. V. Gagulin, J. Inorg. Mater. 37 (2001) 93.X. L. Shi, M. S. Cao, J. Yuan, X. Y. Fang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 (2009) 163108.R. Mouka, A. V. Lopatin, N. E. Kazantse va, J. Vilkov, P. Sha, J. Mater. Sci. 42 (2007) 9480.T. H. Ting, K. H. Wu, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322 (2010) 2160.L. D. C. Folgueras, M. C. Rezende, Mat. Res. 11 (2008) 245.J. Cao, W. Y. Fu, H. B. Yang, Q. J. Yu, Y. Y. Zhang, J. Phys. Chem. B 113 (2009) 4642.N. J. Tang, W. Zhong, C. Au, Y. Yang, M. G. Han, K. J. Lin, Y. W. Du, J. Phys. Chem. C 112 (2008) 19316.R. A. Stonier, SAMPE. J. 27 (1991) 9.M. A. Soto-Oviedo, O. A. Arajo, R. Faez, M. C. Rezende, M. A. De Paoli, Synth. Met. 156 (2006) 1249.F. S. Wen, W. L. Zuo, H. B. Yi, N. Wang, L. Qiao, F. S. Li, Physica. B 404 (2009) 3567.L. Qiao, X. H. Han, B. Gao, J. B. Wang, F. S. Wen, F. S. Li, J. Appl. Phys. 105 (2009) 053911.L. Zhen, Y. X. Gong, J. T. Jiang, W. Z. Shao, J. Appl. Phys. 104 (2008) 0343121.Y. J. Chen, M. S. Cao, T. H. Wang, Q. Wan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 (2004) 3367.S. M. Abbas, A. K. Dixit, R. Chatterjee, T. C. Goel, Mat. Sci. Eng. B 123 (2005) 167.V. D. Krstic, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 75 (1992) 170.A. Fissel, B. Schroter, W. Ri chter, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66 (1995) 3182.H. B. Jin, J. T. Li, M. S. Cao, S. Agathopoulos, Powder Technol. 196 (2009) 229.E. Mouchon, P. Colomban, J. Mater. Sci. 31 (1996) 323.K. S. Lim, O. Shevaleevskiy, Pure Appl. Chem. 80 (2008) 2140.B. Wang, Q. Zhao, S. C. Li, B. B. Wang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 217 (2003) 314.R. S. Meena, S. Bhattachrya, R. Chatterjee, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322 (2010) 2908.D. L. Zhao, Q. Lv, Z. M. Shen, J. Alloys Compd. 480 (2009) 634.Y. Q. Kang, M. S. Cao, J. Yuan, L. Zhang, B. Wen, X. Y. Fang, J. Alloys Compd. 495 (2010) 254.D. K. Ghodgaonkar, V. V. Varadan, V. K. Varadan, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 37 (1989) 789.E. F. Knott, J. F. Shaeffer, M. T. Tuley, Rader cut across Section, New York Artech House, 1993, pp. 9.T. H. Ting, R. Pu. Yu, Y. N. Jau, Mater. Chem. Phys. 126 (2011) 364.C. V. Rao, S. K. Singh, B. Viswanathan, Indian J. Chem. 47 (2008) 1619.G. W. Meng, Z. Cui, L.D. Zhang, F. Phillipp, J. Cryst. Growth. 209 (2000) 801.X. L. Su, W. C. Zhou, J. Xu, Z. M, Li, F . Luo, D. M. Zhu, J. Alloys Compd. 492 (2010) L16.H. B. Jin, M. S. Cao, W. Zhou, S. Agathopoulos, Mater. Res. Bull. 45 (2010) 247.

The Benefits of Cooperative Learning for ELL Students

The Benefits of Cooperative Learning for ELL StudentsThe first thing to consider is the circumstance that accommodating erudition is beneficial to all learners, regardless of their classification or primary language. In fact, activities where the t all(prenominal)er uses conceptual strategies that promote cultivation unneurotic or ag convocation investigation ar statistically proven to be superior to instructional design focused on working exclusively or working in a competitive environment. Essentially, helping each other is better than competing or working alone. Three highly stiff conceptual models perk up been determined to be those reconciling activities which can be labeled as learning together, faculty member controversy, or group investigation. Basically, if the accommodating learning technique you are using involves one of these three modes, and so your lesson should be more(prenominal) effective than students working alone or in a competitive style (Johnson, D., Johnson R., Stanne, 2000).There are many examples of instructional strategies with a learning together style. Numbered Heads Together is one such occupation it is a strategy that promotes discussion, individual account skill, as closely as group accountability. It is especially effective for palingenesising and integrating subject matter (Numbered Heads Together, 2010). Academic controversy, other effective style of cooperative learning mentioned in the previous paragraph, is essentially informed and educated debate, with one important twist the students argue both(prenominal) sides of the issue or contentious theory. One example of this type of cooperative learning strategy involves six steps create the best elusion for a position on the controversy, present this best case, engage in open discussion, reverse perspectives, synthesize and come to consensus, and prepare a physical composition (Academic Controversy, 2010). The last highly-effective type of cooperative lear ning noted above in the explore is called group investigation. One school district website describes group investigation as an activity where students collaborate to produce a group produce for presentation in an open-ended investigationstructured to promote higher-order thinking skills. (Regina general Schools, 2003). This type of group activity is probably best known as the very popular WebQuest design where students surf the internet in a command, still self-directed, group investigation into a topic which ultimately leads to a finalized presentation or product. (Dodge, 2007).There are many more types of cooperative learning possibilities and conceptual categories to consider than learning together, academic controversy, and group investigation, merely the conceptual types mentioned above are noted to be especially unclouded to learn, easy to implement, and easy to maintain once put into use (Johnson et al., 2000). non only are cooperative learning strategies effective fo r all learners, but they are especially effective for ELL students specifically. Language learners tend to pick up social language much faster than academic language. ELL students basic social communication skills (BICS) are dod in a meaningful linguistic context in a variety of social settings, but CALP is not unremarkably practiced revealside of the classroom. Rather, CALP is the language used in subject domain content material CALP is essential for success in school. While BICS forget develop in as little as six months, CALP may take as long as seven years (Haynes, 1998). So we can see that the faster CALP is developed, the sooner our ELL students will succeed in content curricular areas.One way that cooperative learning helps CALP to be developed is through comprehensible stimulus and comprehensible outfit. ELL students will generally fail to understand a lecture, but if they are assisted by classmates it can be made more comprehensible to them. Comprehensive output m eans that the student has the opportunity to practice at whatever direct of English fluency they have attained. CL helps to develop comprehensible input and comprehensible output in several ways. First, smallish groups make it feasible for the teacher or group members to adapt the message to the ELL student. Second, feedback, correction, and checking of comprehension are easier in small groups and are non-judgmental. Also, ELL students have the opportunity to practice their unwritten language skills, get repetition, and peer assistance related to the current labor at hand (Haynes, 1998).Another way that cooperative learning is laboursaving to ELL students is by lowering their disturbance level so that they feel more at ease and are able to comfortably focus on learning the language. Wang Qiangs work on cooperative learning (Qiang, 2007, as cited in Yang, 2008) shows us that speaking in small groups is natural, because in real life, this is how offhand communication occurs. I f they speak in front of a large group of people it is usually a more formal situation where they have a prepared speech (Yang, 2009). Furthermore, according to Krashens Affective Filter hypothesis, anxiety is a negative factor in blink of an eye language learnedness whereby the ELL student will retain less language under tautness than in a relaxed state (Schutz, 2007). Since cooperative learning lowers the affective sift (Willis, 2007), it is logical that cooperative learning would make second language learning less threatening and therefore more effective. Consider this powerful acknowledgment about neuroimaging of the anxious brainIn MRI scans of adolescents in states of affective, ruttish anxiety, when the amygdala is metabolically hyperactive, the pathways that normally conduct information in and out of the amygdala show greatly reduced activity. Thus, advanced information is stop from entering the memory banks (Toga Thompson, 2003, as stated in Willis, 2007).Two previ ous(predicate) studies done by Pica and Doughty in 1984 and 1985 (as stated in Liang, Mohan, and Early, 1998) compared the efficacy of teacher-fronted classes to small-group interactive classes. They entrap that in small groups students were able to practice more, receive more feedback, and produce more examples of the target language. This suggests that in small groups the ELL students have more opportunity to work on those specific curricular words, or academic language, that TESL instructors strive to develop. Pica and Doughtys study also found that in group work over 65% of students were engaged in negotiation for meaning versus 45% of the students in teacher-fronted classes. This statistic seems to suggest that ELL students will verbalize more freely and frequently in group settings about what unfamiliar with(predicate) language terms and structures mean. Thus, CALP is likely developed faster in CL groups than in teacher-fronted classes (Liang et al, 1998).Two fire vade me cums may help teachers improve their ability to foster CALP in the ELL classroom. One is the very popular Calla vade mecum and the other is titled Building Academic Language, by Jeff Zweirs.The CALLA handbook Implementing the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach, was written by Anna Uhl Chamot, and was presented in workshop format, by the author, in Wyoming in February of 2007. In her presentation on her popular book, Dr. Chamot stresses several key aspects of the CALLA approach. CALLA instruction is establish on educational research and focuses on those language skills needed in school for academic success. Students are encouraged to value their prior association and to relate it to new academic learning, a new culture, and a new language. Students are also tasked with learning to work cooperatively and socially, as come up as internalizing learning strategies and applying them to new situations. Teachers are advised to use interesting topics and content which is linked to prior experiences and knowledge as well as presenting content through hands-on, investigative, or cooperative activities (Chamot Robbins, 2007).A book review of Building Academic Language Essential Practices for Content Classrooms illuminates its value for make CALP in ELL education. This handbook is described as being very practical, wide of the mark of strategies for the classroom, and focused on academic literacy. Important concepts in the book acknowledge using in-depth conversation as a scaffolding technique for expression academic language, using metacognition to help students analyze classroom interactions, as well as the use of visual aids to help develop academic thought processes. The book stresses the need to think about the quality of student discourse, as well as the quantity, whereby the style of academic verbal interactions is guided by teaching processes, is modeled by the teacher, and ultimately leads to a deeper academic vocabulary and a deeper comprehensi on. (Huerta-Macias, 2007).In conclusion, this paper has reviewed and discussed how certain styles of cooperative learning are particularly valuable for all learners, including ELL students. Cooperative learning research and scholarly writings have been reviewed which demonstrate further that CL facilitates second language acquisition, in particular, because it lowers anxiety, makes input and output more comprehensible, and leads to more frequent use of the target language being studied. Finally, two respected TESL handbooks were reviewed for their merits in helping ELL teachers develop CALP.

The struggle against Mexicos drug cartels

The struggle against Mexicos dose cartelsA vacation to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico followed the unuse Year of 2009. I had spent time with locals, purchased their handcrafted souvenirs, and visited monumental tourist attractions. My jaunt led me to believe that Mexico is a country of contendm weather and splendiferous sightseeing at the time of my vacation I had been ignorant to the earthly concern of Mexicos stance on the global spectrum of corruption. Unbeknownst 783 miles northwest to Tijuana from Cabo, numerous medicate cartels were organizing the importation of narcotics from the S verbotenh and exported to countries trade union of Mexico. Tijuana is a city controlled by unionized crime and more specifically, infilt graded by The Tijuana Cartel (Witkin and Robinson 199738). The Tijuana Cartel is responsible for the loony toons, importation, and dissemination of massive quantities of cocaine and marijuana, as swell as large quantities of diacetylmorphine and methamphetamine (Guzman 199340). Yet, the break of Mexicos medicine trade is not specific to the notorious city, there ar everyplace s veritable(a) cartels that clandestinely function throughout the fix. The force-out of do medicates cartels cast proven to be well connected, trained, armed, and manipulative to fightd the masses. troop medicate trafficking in Mexico is threatening to turn itself into a Narco state, notably, a Narco state is considered to be an area that has been taken over and is controlled and corrupted by dose cartels (ibid).The rising count of gruesome drug-related murders seems as though the organizational sympathies is beingness passively effective. This is where the supremacy of drug lords that lead the drug cartels serve as highly influential bodies whom can frequently lift the military force of government and government officials through bribery. This is evident over the last three decades when the Mexican dose war originally commenced. However, the Drug struggle was re-initiated between the government and drug cartels when Felipe Calderon took presidency in 2006 (Campos 2010).The nation of Mexico is facing a trying state of affairs to meet drug trade demands that has dishonored the legal expert system. Countless lives nonplus been taken since the commencement of the Mexican Drug War on either side of its restrains and will save continue to overthrow the power of the government officials. This essay will analyze how the Mexican drug trade has infiltrated Yankee borders to the United States and Canada-while domestically placing vulnerable civilians at adventure of sex trafficking in an indigent state, resulting in frenzy.The drug trade is a global black market, where the insufficiency of borders has proven to be the prime station of drug transportation. According to the Toronto Star (2009), Tijuana is home to the worlds busiest border crossing with near 300,000 people crossing the border everyday. These perimeters s eparate two distinct worlds split up by a militarized border in the North and a more advantageous smuggle from the South, however the private road of people and narcotics illegally make their way ultimo northern border patrol. The North American Free Trade agreement addresses concerns regarding insufficient borders where there is an unrestricted movement of people, goods and services between Mexico, the United States and Canada (Cottam and Otwin 2005). The inadequacy of border warranter, has led to the enlargement of Mexican drug cartels and their control over the drug supply concatenation surpassing the United States to Canada. This is where the transportation, importation, and distribution of massive quantities of cocaine,3marijuana, as well as large quantities of heroin and methamphetamine have primarily swear out up on Canadas West coast (Falco 19998). Furthermore, the growth of Mexicos drug cartels is a question of security, where the illegal importation of illicit drug s into fast, developing westernized nations will only lead to unsafe corruption.This mass production of drugs infiltrated by Mexico into the United States and Canada is a detriment to the globalization efforts set out by capitalist nations. These northern nations have made initiatives to expand the integration of countries in the global engagement of communication, transportation and trade. However, the global networking strategies of these bordering nations have negotiated an illegal trade that has created a firm flow of trafficked narcotics. The trafficking of drugs is highly motivated by the demands that exist in consumer countries much(prenominal) as the United States and Canadas West Coast of British Colombia. In 2001, Mexico was the floor of transit where 55 percent of cocaine entered the United States (Chabat 2002142).Illicit drugs genteel in drug trade are majorly supplied by strong Colombian drug trafficking ties and belong Canada and US-bound through Mexico. The narc otics used to fuel the Mexican Drug War are primary quill extracted from countries in South America, specifically Colombia. This is where the primary trafficked narcotic includes cocaine, in exchange for the steady drug flow question north from South America guns, cash and prostitutes serve as related (Bagely 198872). However, the United States has created a campaign of prohibition and foreign military embolden to reduce the illegal drug trade, this campaign is called the War on Drugs. The approaches of The War on Drugs have undertaken tasks such as The Merida Initiative. This initiative is a security cooperation4between the United States and the government of Mexico and the countries of Central America with the tug of combating the threats of drug trafficking and transnational crime (Cottam and Marenin 200532). Such strategies are aimed to also pop off illegal immigrants into Canada and the United States as means to transport and distribute drugs. separate contributions to T he War on Drugs involve the U.S Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), identifying the need to change magnitude financial and migration investigations relating to the movement of illegal drugs to Mexico. The DEA states that attacking the financial infrastructure of drug cartels has to play a key role in any possible drug enforcement strategy (Toro 1999 633).The effects of contraband being trade past the Northern borders serves for inadequacy of borders as well as harm toward their political and economical statuses. Restricted substances that enter northern borders are consequential toward the political stance of the laws, rules and regulations set forth by government officials. The enigmatic transportation of these illegal narcotics is especially subversive and become difficult for officials to track en route. The money laundering exchange from Mexico into the United States and Canada annually generates millions of dollars as a material contributor to their economies. In the Uni ted States, wholesale illicit drug sale earnings estimates range from $13.6 to $48.4 zillion annually (ibid).The longstanding issue of poverty in some(prenominal) areas of Mexico is also a contributing actor involving the illegal drug trade. Kellner and Piptones member Inside Mexicos Drug war (201032) states that referable to high levels of poverty within the Mexican nation5and lightheaded access across the northern borders, individuals with minimal opportunities and are economically unstable, sanctuary to drug exchange. Poverty provides minimal opportunities for those in need of providing for their families, and as a result of Mexicos escalating rates of poverty, people very much look for the fastest alternative, practically resorting to money laundering of illegal drugs. The participation of Mexican civilians in the drug war often proposes the sacrifices of their lives as well as leaving their families behind. The willingness of galore(postnominal) residences to partake in the drug trade is also contributing to Mexicos propagation of fraudulent currency, where according to Chabat (2002 137) as of 2009, sat between $6-$15 billion annually repre moveing 3 percent of Mexicos Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As the growth of these numbers amplifies due to nonionized drug crime, the public continues to track the implementation of justice and change by government officials.Within Mexicos impoverished state, the vulnerability of Mexican women and children are at risk with the pursuit of honour set forth by drug lords. The involvement of women in drug trafficking in recent social classs has expanded dramatically. Campbell (2008251) explains that women within Mexican confederacy that are often associated with the drug cartels are typically led to captivity at various ages this also leads to high extortion, torture and rape. Sex trafficking has become more common as a part of the drug war where most often women and girls are pimped by leaders of drug car tels and sent to brothels throughout Mexico (Castillo, Gomez and Delgado 1999 394). The demands within the brothels instill fear within these trafficked women, without compliance they bet on seeing their families again or even their lives. Specifically in6Tijuana, Mexico where the infiltration of black market drugs originates within Central America, women are used as drug smugglers and prostitutes to generate another source of monetary income.Moreover, Rojas (20081082) argues that children have also become prime targets involving the illegal exchange of drugs. Drug lords often seek them out as a symbol of inexperience and stipulatory tactic when crossing borders, much of the time they too have been generate by drugs to obey drug lord commands. Many children involved in the drug trade are without any family due to the violent temper of the trade or come from families below the poverty line. In 2009 alone, 10,000 children were divest due to the Mexican Drug War (ibid). With initi atives to keep the adolescents off of the streets, chair Felipe Caldern recently opened 75 new universities and 330 drug refilling centers to curb the impoverishment and gang fierceness (Corchado 2009 21).The violent nature of the Mexican Drug War has led to high rates of drug violence within Mexico. This is further examined by Newman (200923), in which he explains that the drug cartels imported and exported out of Tijuana make their way toward the U.S border city of Ciudad Jurez, which now has the indication of being the most violent in Mexico. Due to organised crime, border violence includes 90% of drug related killings (ibid). The competition of cartels trying to out due each other in savagery is discussed in Hoars article Mexican violence, Gun Controls (200942) where bodies are mutilated, and heads are tossed on busy streets.7The struggle for human properlys and progression away from drug violence is an capricious issue the direction in which it is headed is at a high rat e of inconsistency. Violent acts of decapitation, torture and rape are common tactics amongst drug lords. Drug lords have become so powerful that some of their leaders, even when in prison, can continue their operations from the inside. Anderson (200718) explains that a drug top banana can order the murder of rival cartel members on the street, on with others perceived as standing in the way of their lucrative enterprises. Those killed have included officials, judges and journalists whose writings offended the cartels (ibid). As a scare tactic, beheadings have become a favored form of execution. The power of organized crime such as drug cartels, easily preside over the violence. According to Campos (2010 402), more than 34,000 people have died in drug-related violence during the quadruplet years that President Felipe Calderon has been in power and within the last year there were 15, 273 deaths.Many civilians are too often paying the expenditure of Mexicos drug war with their li berty and livelihood at the hands of drug cartel hit men. High rates of violence are a result of suppressed human rights with many implications facing Mexican authorities and residences. Communities often too cannot trust those in a position of power such as police, this is due to the corruption within the police force. degeneration within Mexican law enforcement institutions is a relentless struggle of organized crime growing and spreading to new territories. More specifically, numerous drug cartels propose bribes to officers for their co-operation in return. The co-operation of these officers under cartel8command often include violent acts against civilians as well as tourists and government officials, in conclusion creating an elite group of hit men (Bailey and Paras 2006 78). Officers enticed by this lucrative plaque are often regularly paid poorly and would rather cede to the influence of Mexicos deep-pocketed drug traffickers and gangs. This law enforcement dishonesty is b ecoming a significant challenge confronting democratic governability and defeating the purpose of ending the Mexican Drug War. Although violence between drug cartels had been occurring for at least three decades, the Mexican government had held a generally passive stance regarding cartel violence. Now, President Felipe Caldern has continued to escalate his anti-drug campaign, there are now about 45,000 array involved along with state and federal police forces. (Felson 20097)In conclusion, the Mexican drug trade is a ruthless battlefield in which many aspects reflect the hardships and corruption within Mexican society, and its effects on its live countries. The efforts set out by President Felipe Calderon to end the drug war in Mexico is seeing inadequate results, inevitably progressing toward a Narco state status. Presently, the developing of Mexico is at risk with plummeting death tolls of civilians, corruption of law enforcement and drug money stabilizing the countrys GDP. The Mexican Drug War is often presented publicly as a government issue that will evaporate overtime with the right prime leadership. However, the cause of the battle on drugs in the southern-most part of North America is much more than the governments9burden. The powers of drug cartels seem to be unstoppable and over taking the Mexicoslivelihood all together and are now nothing short of entrenched in supremacy. The infiltration of northern borders to the United States and Canada by the Mexican drug trade has domestically pose vulnerable civilians at risk of sex trafficking in an impoverished state, resulting in violence.10

Shakespeares Macbeth Meets the Definition of a Tragic Hero Essay examp

Macbeth Meets the Definition of a Tragic Hero William Shakespeares sad knead Macbeth contains images of suffering and details the consequences of ones action. The story, set within medieval Scotland, follows the actions of a man destined for greatness. Macbeth is known to be noble, yet he falters and in the end falls prey to his conscience. As a result, Macbeth is the tragic hoagy of this play because he makes a fatal mistake, he endures great suffering, and he possesses a destructive hamartia. As aforementioned Macbeths first characteristic of the tragic hero is that he makes a fatal mistake. Macbeths fatal mistake is that he listens to others to a fault much and he is particularly credulous as to what they say. Macbeth is swayed by the words of the witches, the Apparitions, and his own wife. Near the beginning of the play, Macbeth and Banquo encounter three witches. The witches greet Macbeth by hailing him by his two titles, Thane of Cawdor and Glams, and then the Third W itch hails him by saying, ... that shalt be king hereafter.(Mac.1.3.53) The witchs statement makes Macbeth believe that since the witch said it, it must be true. The witches are probably the source for Macbeths hunger for power over Scotland. The witches do not ... ...sulted Campbell, Lily B. Macbeth A Study in Fear. Readings on Macbeth. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. 126-35. Kinney, Arthur F. ed. William Shakpespeare the Tragedies. Boston lobby and Company, 1985. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. Elements of Literature. Sixth ed. Austin Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1997. Wadsworth, Frank W. Shakespeare, William. World Book Online American Edition. Online Edition. Online. Netzero. 26 Mar 2002. William Shakespeare. BBC Homepage. Online. Available . 26 Mar. 2002. Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1999. 30-37.

Photographers of the Old West :: Research History Photography Papers

Photographers of the Old wattIn a society that is focused on visual stimuli, it isnt rare to see a person taking a go through with a camera or making a movie with their camcorder. But, in the 1840s and 1850s, spiritedness just wasnt like that. If someone said they could authorize a picture of a mining town or of the route to the West without a pencil or paint people would have laughed at them. express emotion would have been appropriate because photography didnt come into being until 1839. James Horan reveals in his book, Mathew Brady Historian with a Camera, that it wasnt even called photography then, it was called the new art (5). in that location were very few people who knew what it was to take a picture, or make a picture with light. The lone(prenominal) pictures that were around at that time were those that were drawn, painted, or printed from lithographs or etchings. Newspapers didnt have real live pictures that showed the actual things that were written about. The wor ld of America as it was in 1800 didnt know what the West looked like. According to Eugene Ostroff, sketches and paintings were the only illustrations of the West before photography (9). Ostroff tells us that these werent usually accepted if the jaguar had taken artistic license (9). All Americans knew were the stories of the people who returned because it was too backbreaking to live there or the letters from friends and family telling the horrors they saw. So, with the invention of photography, specially the ability to fix the image onto the paper or metal weighing machine had a major effect on the expansion to the West because the pictures that were taken showed how the West really was beautiful. Unfortunately, it was a while before the public was sufficient to see the pictures that were taken by the photographers of the West because 1839 was only the very stock of photography as a profession and a hobby. The first face of using light to make a picture was the daguerreotyp e. Both Louis Jacques Mande Daguerre and Nicephore Niepce, who passed absent before the public was introduced to the daguerreotype, founded this type of picture taking. However, before this Louis Daguerre made a theater without actors. Beaumont Newhall explains that this was an illusion made by extraordinary lighting do that made the 45 foot by 71 foot pictures search to change as one looked at them (2).

Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Appearance versus Realit

Appearance versus Reality in Hamlet Appearance versus reality is one of the central themes of Shakespeares fill, Hamlet. The characters in the play assume roles for the purpose of concealment - Claudius, in reality a receiver and usurper, plays the roles of grieving brother and rightful king the adulterous Gertrude plays the role of a most seeming-virtuous queen when she is, in her sons view, a most pernicious woman. Even Hamlet himself assumes the role of a madman in his attempt to establish the reality of his uncles guilt. In 1.2, the glowing Gertrude asks her son why he is taking the death of his father so personally... Why seems it so particular with thee? Hamlet indignantly asserts the sincerity of his grief.... Seems, peeress? Nay, it is. I know not seems. Tis not alone my inky cloak, fair mother, Nor customary suits of solemn black, Nor windy suspiration of forcd breath, No, nor the fruitful river in the pump Nor the dejected haviour of the visage, Together with a ll forms, moods, shapes of grief, For they are actions that a man efficiency play But I have that within which passes show, These but the trappings and the suits of woe. Here the prince may be implying that his mothers grief, unlike his own, is merely an appearance. When the phantasma of elder Hamlet appears and reveals to his grieving son the horrific details of his death at the hands of his treacherous brother, the theme of appearance versus reality becomes firmly grow in the plot as Hamlet is presented with a moral dilemma. If the ghost is in reality what he appears to be, then Claudius is merely an appearance, an arch-hypocrite. The king is not in re... ... A.C. Quote. Literary Companion to British Authors William Shakespeare. San Diego Greenhaven, 1996. Danson, Lawrence. Tragic Alphabet. Modern comminuted Interpretations Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. reinvigorated York City Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 65-86 Findlay, Alison. Hamlet A Document in Madness. newfangled Ess ays on Hamlet. Ed. purpose Thornton Burnett and John Manning. New York AMS Press, 1994. 189-205. Hopkins, Lisa. Parison and the Impossible Comparison. New Essays on Hamlet. Ed. Mark Thornton Burnett and John Manning. New York AMS Press, 1994. 153-164. Rose, Mark. Reforming the Role. Modern Critical Interpretations Hamlet. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York City Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 117-128 Wiggins, Martin. Hamlet Within the Prince. New Essays on Hamlet. Ed. Mark Thornton Burnett and John Manning. New York AMS Press, 1994. 209-226.

Teen Obesity: A Public Health Crisis Essay -- junk food, overweight,

Teenage obesity is a major public wellness crisis nationally and internationally. In 2012 the percentage of adolescents aged 1219 eld were rotund.The increase of teenage obesity in 2010 to 2014 was from 5% to nearly 21% in the United States (Flegal,2013). Teenage obesity is a serious line of work in the United States and removes to be addressed.CausesTeenage obesity is wee-weed by numerous of things such as a persons lifestyle, alimentation habits, and environment. No single factor or behavior can instance obesity. When children decide to eat more than they need, their bodies store extra calories in plop cells to use this energy for later. Overtime if this pattern continues and their body does not need this stored energy, they develop more fat cells and may lead to becoming obese (Kaneshiro, 2012).Eating HabitsPoor take in habits are nonpareil of the factors that can cause a teenager to develop obesity. Parents are also a fall upon factor for a child becoming obese, at hom e parents lead to buy junk food for their children to eat rather things that they should be eating such as fruits and vegetables. Also parents also tend to have slight time to plan and prepare healthier meals, as a outlet children are consuming more processed and fast foods that are usually less healthy than home cooked meals (Kaneshiro, 2012).If a parent is overweight and has vile diet and exercise habits, the child is likely to adopt the same habits.Up to one out of every five children in the U.S is overweight or obese, and this numerate is continuing to rise (Benaroch, 2012). The way we eat when we are children may powerfully affect our eating behaviors as adults. When we repeat these behaviors over many years, they make habits. These learned habits lead to eating no matter if we are ... .../medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/00383.htmKarnik, S.K., & Kanekar, A.K. U.S. subject area Library of Medicine, (2010). Childhoodobesity a global public health crisis. Retrieved f rom National center for biotechnologywebsite http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3278864/ Nordquist, C.N. (2010). All about obesity. Medical newsworthiness Today,Retrieved from http//www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/obesity/ Obesity in adolescents. (2014). (Doctoral dissertation, University of Rochester)Retrieved from http//www.urmc.rochester.edu/Encyclopedia/Content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01627U.S subdivision Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (2012).Overweight andobesitycauses and consequences Retrieved from CDC website http//www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes/index.htmlWeeks, A.W. (2013). Psychological effect of teen obesity. Live Strong, doi353259

Breathe Right Strips Essay -- Chronic Nasal Congestion Health CNS Essa

Breath adjust StripsIntroduction According to the text, Breathe practiced Strips were invented by Bruce Johnson, a inveterate cadaverous congestion sufferer. Mr. Johnson Brought his creation to systema nervosum centrale Inc. central nervous system took the mathematical product and in the beginning commercialiseed it to sports teams, nasal sufferers and night-time snorers. The product really became liberal when Jerry Rice of the San Francisco 49ers wore the product in the Super Bowl. According to cns.com, Breathe reclaim Strips is overly available in vapor strips, clear and tan strips, and nasal strips for kids. Some of the other products allow in nasal spray, throat spray, fiberchoice and a taketaboo vaporizer. Armed with these few, but voiceless products in 1995 central nervous system, decided to go ball-shaped. heavyset of the Facts The facts ar that that at that place be advantages and disadvantages of central nervous system going global with the prod uct. The advantages are that CNS can set out to increase its market place share and not know to rely on only internal dollars, colleagueships can make to develop between local anaesthetic anaesthetic suppliers, and they can avoid costs of domestic licensing. The disadvantages are that there are local customs that need to be considered, the lack of name lore of the brand, there whitethorn be stronger global competition, the international company may be used to divergent marketing, and there may be different trade regulations. The decision for CNS to go global takes careful epitome and an international strategy. Analysis The strategy that CNS decided to use is the three- wooden leg approach. deliver 1 is Explore/test concept. do two is the Establish the product, and distributor point three is Manage the product. Using the grind compend, I will take apart their marketing approach as it pertains to entering international territory. The strengths are that blow over right has already shown that it could successfully market the product in northern America and make it a success. They amaze proven that they can big bucks the product to tailor it to the international market, which would cease then to penetrate the market and refine messages for the local market as spelled out in stage 2 of their strategy. They have the ability to nominate potential partners in the local global markets. When they first entered the global market, they partner with 3M, who had a handle on the marketing practices of the global market. According to The line of reasoning journal, they acquireed control of their ... ...ons to attract hoi polloi that are unaware of the product. They can also opt to do what they have always done, because the product is successful. To take the nates approach is dreadful, because the competition is out there lurking, just waiting for CNS to rest on their laurels. evidence The CNS Company is already a successful company out-of- pocket to the achievements of its breathing right strips. In my analysis we learned that they already do a lot of things right. What they need to be aware of is the different sparing situations in the global marketplace, there are different ways that the product is approved abroad, and there is competition lurking. CNS needs to continue to leverage their strengths, but capitalize on their opportunities and benchmark the competition.Works CitedKerin, Hartley, Berkowitz, and Rudelius. Marketing McGraw knoll 8th EditionCNS Inc. to regain control of Breathe right on international sales from 3M The Business Journal Minneapolis-St.Paul 11 Oct. 1999Innovative Solutions to workaday Problems 2004http//www.cns.com/products/products.html1-2-3 Breathe 2004http//www.ginmiller.com/gmf04/gmfstore/healthbeauty/123breeathe.htm Breathe Right Strips audition -- Chronic Nasal Congestion Health CNS EssaBreath Right StripsIntroduction According to the text, Breathe Right Strips were invented by Bruce Johnson, a chronic nasal congestion sufferer. Mr. Johnson Brought his creation to CNS Inc. CNS took the product and primarily marketed it to sports teams, nasal sufferers and night-time snorers. The product really became prominent when Jerry Rice of the San Francisco 49ers wore the product in the Super Bowl. According to cns.com, Breathe Right Strips is also available in vapor strips, clear and tan strips, and nasal strips for kids. Some of the other products include nasal spray, throat spray, fiberchoice and a portable vaporizer. Armed with these few, but strong products in 1995 CNS, decided to go global. Summary of the Facts The facts are that that there are advantages and disadvantages of CNS going global with the product. The advantages are that CNS can attempt to increase its market share and not have to rely on only domestic dollars, partnerships can begin to develop between local suppliers, and they can avoid costs of domestic licensing. The disadva ntages are that there are local customs that need to be considered, the lack of name recognition of the brand, there may be stronger global competition, the international company may be used to different marketing, and there may be different trade regulations. The decision for CNS to go global takes careful analysis and an international strategy. Analysis The strategy that CNS decided to use is the three-stage approach. Stage 1 is Explore/test concept. Stage two is the Establish the product, and stage three is Manage the product. Using the SWOT analysis, I will analyze their marketing approach as it pertains to entering international territory. The strengths are that breathe right has already shown that it could successfully market the product in North America and make it a success. They have proven that they can package the product to tailor it to the international market, which would allow then to penetrate the market and refine messages for the local market as spelled out in stage 2 of their strategy. They have the ability to identify potential partners in the local global markets. When they first entered the global market, they partner with 3M, who had a handle on the marketing practices of the global market. According to The Business Journal, they regained control of their ... ...ons to attract people that are unaware of the product. They can also opt to do what they have always done, because the product is successful. To take the do-nothing approach is dreadful, because the competition is out there lurking, just waiting for CNS to rest on their laurels.Conclusion The CNS Company is already a successful company due to the achievements of its breathing right strips. In my analysis we learned that they already do a lot of things right. What they need to be aware of is the different economical situations in the global marketplace, there are different ways that the product is approved abroad, and there is competition lurking. CNS needs to continue to leverage their strengths, but capitalize on their opportunities and benchmark the competition.Works CitedKerin, Hartley, Berkowitz, and Rudelius. Marketing McGraw Hill 8th EditionCNS Inc. to regain control of Breathe Right international sales from 3M The Business Journal Minneapolis-St.Paul 11 Oct. 1999Innovative Solutions to Everyday Problems 2004http//www.cns.com/products/products.html1-2-3 Breathe 2004http//www.ginmiller.com/gmf04/gmfstore/healthbeauty/123breeathe.htm

Thomas Edison :: essays research papers fc

Edison was born in the village of Milan, Ohio, on Feb. 11, 1847, and his family later moved to Port Huron, Mich. In his early life as a kid he played jokes on people and got into trouble. unity time he set his fathers barn on fire because he wanted to see what fire look like when it burned. His schooling was three months long because he quit when too many people do fun of him. At the age of seven his mother taught him, and he love to read books. The book Schoool of Natural Philosophy sparked his likeing for science and, soon by and by he set up his graduation lab.At age 12 his father could no longer buy supplies for his lab so he became a train-boy, selling magazines and food on the Grand Trunk Railroad. He spent all he earned on books and supplies for his laboratory.At this time he stoped sleeping and only took cat-naps so he could work on experiments at night in the bagage car. An accident at this time led to a loss of earreach about 50%. Two things which contributed to loss of his hearing was a theatre director pulling on his ear and, a conductor clapping his ears for setting the bagage car on fire it was only an accident. in brief after he left this job.A station agent taught him telecommunicate code and procedures, and at age 15, Edison became manager of a telegraph office. His first inventions were the transmitter and receiver for the automatic telegraph. At 21, Edison made improvements on the standard ticker for printing stock-exchange quotations. With the $40,000 he was paid for the improvements in tickers, he conventional real laboratory in Newark, N.J. Deciding to give up manufacturing, he moved the laboratory to Menlo Park, N.J., where he was in charge of groups of employees working on various projects.In 1878, Edison started work on an electric lamp and looked for things that could be electrically heated to incandescence in a vacuum. At first he used platinum wire in glass bulbs at 10 volts.He realized, however, that independent lamp cont rol would be necessary for home and office use. He then developed a three-wire system with a supply of 220 volts. each(prenominal) lamp operated at 110 volts, but the higher voltage required a new substance other than that of platinum. Edison conducted an extensive search for another filum material, on Oct.

Educational Productivity :: Teaching Education

Educational Productivity Educational productivity is the improvement of pupils outcomes with little or no additional financial resources, or a consistent level of scholar performance at a lower level of spending. Educational productivity is based on effectiveness. This is the gene linkage between student outcomes and the level and use of finacial resources in the schools. Production functions ar concerned with how money is related to student learning and lifetime earnings. early(a) approaches are cost functions, data envelopment, and the impact of smaller class sizing on the student learning. Although there has been extensive research about educational productive functions, there are still many disagreement among researchers as to whether or not a statistical link can be base between student outcomes and money. However, it is agreed upon that the single largest expendidture in the human beings school system is teacher expenditure. Early production-function research, modeled on uncorrupted economic theory, tried to correlate a set of educational inputs to a single output. Most of these studies were inconclusive. Because of the complexity of the schooling process and factors (like child poverty) impertinent schools control, it has been difficult to isolate statistically significant one-to-one correlations between inputs and student learning. The most common outcomes measured in such studies are regularise test results, graduation rates, dropout rates, college attendance patterns, and labor-market outcomes. Inputs usually include per-pupil expenditures student-teacher ratios teacher education, experience, and payment school facilities and administrative factors (Lawrence Picus 1997). The most famous production-function study was the U.S. section of Educations Coleman Report. This massive survey of 600,000 students in 3,000 schools concluded that socioeconomic background influenced student success more than various school and teacher chara cteristics (Picus 1997). Another sign of research was culminated in Eric Hanusheks 1989 study, which analyzed results of 187 production studies published during the previous 20 years. Using a simple vote-counting method to compare data, Hanushek found no systematic, positive relationship between student achievement and seven inputs. Hanusheks findings shake been challenged by recent studies use more sophisticated research techniques. When Larry Hedges (1994) and associates reanalyzed Hanusheks syntheses using meta-analysis, they discovered that a $500 (roughly 10 percent) increase in fair spending per pupil would significantly increase student achievement. Likewise, Faith Cramptons citywide analysis (1995) of inputs affecting achievement in New York State schools found that expenditures seemed to matter when they bought smaller classes and more experienced, highly educated teachers.

Critique On Keynes :: essays research papers

History of Economic ThoughtThe writer begins with an installation in which it is stated that the schools of thought were contradictory in their theories. What should have been answered is how and from what thought Neo-classical or Keynesian? The main points of her paper are the following "Neo-classicists, such as Friedman, hold that the U.S. failed to provide liquidity to its banks," which caused the great depression if the giving medication does non intervene, the economy would then head towards full employment. Keynesian economists, on the other hand, believe that the government should intervene actively through heart of fiscal and monetary policy to promote full employment and stinting growth (with price stability). Moreover, they believe that the cause of the Great picture was payable to the government not intervening as they should have.The writer assumes that the Great Depression could have been resolved by both the Keynesian method, or the Neo-classical, howeve r, does not state the cause of it or methodological analysis. There may be no wrong or right answer, nonetheless, some reason for it should have been worn-out this approach would clarify what the Keynesian or Neo-classical remedies are. The writer does not interrupt the main points throughout the paper. She goes on restating the ideas by saying that Friedman believes that the economy is "self-adjusting and correct" and that "Keynesian economists credit good monetary and fiscal policy with get an economy out of recessions and periods of low growth.I did not get a sense of what side she was advocating, it seems that she may have been neutral. Furthermore, she did not state the 2 schools of thoughts analysis of th macroeconomy, which led them to think that their methodology was correct (according to them). In reference to the monetarists (especially Friedman) she did not mention how they advocated steady and pursuant(predicate) growth of money stock.In her conclusion, she stated that "human behavior is decomposable and often hard to predict. Keynesian ans Neo-classical economists are often seek to make sense of the nonsensical".

Whoops Essay -- Analysis, John Lanchester

The book Whoops Why every unmatched owes everyone and no one can pay by John Lanchester, will be analyzed in this essay in order to look at the wider geopolitical banking strategy, the roles and development of international institutions and strategies that have lead to the current economic crisis.At the beginning of the book, the author identifies both key events which created the purlieu for such a crisis to occur the Cold war and the tearing down of the Berlin W solely. These two events are pointed let on because as he sees it, the cold war provided the bullyistic nations with an opposite system to compare to, and its advantages in terms of social legal expert and peoples rights were incomparable. However after the glide by of the Berlin Wall, capitalism began a victory political party that lasted twenty years (J.Lanchester, p15), and as at its core capitalism is non an equal distributor of wealth, in addition to many countries after the fall abandoning their focus on soc ial justice and focusing on growth, which was not sustainable. Here the author starts to lead the reader to considering how the strategies of society as a whole and key agent of the financial industry were formation of the environment in which they were. A proportion of the blame must lie with accredited agents of the industry and their lack of actions. Deregulation had gone to a fault far and governments were too slow or unwilling to act on time. An example given up is when five major banks (Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, Lehman Brothers, Bear Sterns, and Morgan Stanley) in 2004 were allowed to cut the amount of capital they had to hold as a reserve against potential loses. (J.Lanchester, p.163). The author points out how successful lobbying had become and that those banks at one point wer... ...100). These three banks had to all be bailed out. This situation incorporates the key four elements of the authors argument, and is one of many.The books prevailing theme is how the st rategy adopted by various agents of the financial industry has trickled down to the society. The author upon mentioning the creation of securitization, some(prenominal) times notes that this is what broke banking. This change in strategy of banks and the society as a whole led to many changes. The lender and the borrower being stranded and the loan sold-off is a key flaw and arguably, speaking in ecumenic terms can be largely attributed to the systematic errors existence which contend a large role in the most recent crisis. passim the book there is a feeling that the author sees the system as not being beneficial to the end consumer when fundamentally this should be the opposite.

Southern Appalachian Cultures: Their Pursuit for Prosperity and the Env

Where there are various regions there are limit point to be a variety of people with alternate cultures, beliefs, and ways of life. The cultures implant with the Appalachia are unique in their own ways and represent a body of individuals who found their way to such an area. Land that is included within the southerly Appalachia rump be best described by Horace Kephart as he does so in his book The grey Highlander and His country of origin to include the four western counties of Maryland the Blue ridgepole Valley, and Allegheny Ridge counties of Virginia all of West Virginia eastern Tennessee eastern Kentucky western North Carolina the four northwestern counties of South Carolina northern Georgia and northeastern Alabama. (22-24) With so very much area to be had there are a few great(p) cultures and occurrences that need to be discussed. Native Indians, European settlers, Industrialists, and the present economy provide be referred to in the process of identifying the cu ltures within Southern Appalachia. Cultures of the Southern Appalachia that impart be discussed will display the lifestyles of many, religion of the areas focused on, and the values individuals held towards the environs.The Cherokee and Shawnee Indians were the much prominent groups found within the Southern Appalachian region. The Cherokee Indians were believed to have flow to parts of southern Appalachia during prehistoric times. (Cherokee Nation-Indian Territory.) They remained in areas such as southwest Virginia, the Carolinas, northern Alabama and Georgia, and the Cumberland Basin of Tennessee and Kentucky. (Native American, the Cherokee) The Cherokee Indians who had settled in Southern Appalachia were an Iroquoian-speaking people, they built their homes from ... ...the factories, loss of timber within the Appalachian forests, and the amount of carbonic acid gas releasing into the atmosphere constantly. Presently the damage we have caused to occur upon the environmen t in the Southern Appalachia is vast and incomprehensible. The greatest environmental challenge face up Southern Appalachia today is the loss of such prized and beautiful native forests of Southern Appalachia. (19) Although much of the timber within the forests has come back after existence utilized as lumber, there are extreme consequences for taking forward such an important aspect of Appalachian Nature and culture. Whats preoccupied cannot be gained, but we can surely do what little we can to impact of culture and world on matters of the need for preservation of nature, so that the environment may prosper for many years to come. Can you nurse a sacrifice for your area, for your world?

We Cannot Permit Infringements on Privacy Essay -- Privacy Essays

George Orwell foresees a nightmarish-future for the domain of a function in his book 1984, where individualism loses antecedence to the good of society, and with it goes the individuals private life. The controlling caller in the socialist government knows the lettered details of all citizens, and prosecutes those who weaken social orders through threatening speech, bearing or thoughts. The omnipresent opthalmic warning Big Brother is observance You, reminds citizens that no person-to-person schooling is safe from the Thought Police. eyepatch this may seem far-fetched to some, Orwell envisioned technology facilitating governments abuse of power in 1950 in the twenty-first century, progress has left-hand(a) ones private life susceptible to enkindle parties in both the commonplace and private sectors. In 1997, Ralph Nader cautioned, The people be non organized not equipped with the knowledge, tools or skills to confront the invasions of the ego they preempt see, let all the far greater, more subterranean kinds of watch (viii). With the rise of computers to their current capabilities, collecting, storing, accessing and sh be personal data has become easier than ever before governments and companies no perennial keep files of paper records on individuals, which accessing, larceny or sharing would be too arduous a task, moreover rather electronic databases that they can easily create, access and link. Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy bring up in their book The counterbalance to secrecy, From a privacy point of view, we are in the midst of the to the highest degree unsettling period in the computer revolution (326). Computers do not threaten personal privacy, though, nor violate any right given to Americans the word privacy does not show up in the Constitution, nor does the p... ...rmation Center. Double Trouble with the DoubleClick/Abacus Merger. skirt 21, 2000.McWilliams, Brian. Netscape Navigator Browser Snoops on Searches. Ne wsbytes. march 7, 2002.Finding Pay vulgarism in Scannable Drivers Licenses. New York Times, March 21, 2002 http//www.privacy.orgNicholson, Jonathan. Account Info Sought to fighting Terror. Reuters, February 26, 2002.Electronic Privacy information Center. Bill Track.Electronic Frontier Foundation. digest of the Provisions of the USA patriot Act. October 31, 2002. American Civil Liberties Union. USA patriot Act Boosts Government Powers While Cutting Back on conventional Checks and Balances. November 1, 2002.Additional Sources Freedom of Speech, The EU Data Protection Directive and the Swedish Personal Data Act. June 9, 2000.Online Privacy Alliance. Privacy Initiatives by the Private Sector. We Cannot Permit Infringements on Privacy demonstrate -- Privacy EssaysGeorge Orwell foresees a nightmarish-future for the world in his book 1984, where individualism loses precedence to the good of society, and with it goes the individuals private life. The controlling Part y in the socialist government knows the intimate details of all citizens, and prosecutes those who violate social orders through threatening speech, behavior or thoughts. The omnipresent visual warning Big Brother is Watching You, reminds citizens that no personal information is safe from the Thought Police. While this may seem far-fetched to some, Orwell envisioned technology facilitating governments abuse of power in 1950 in the twenty-first century, progress has left ones private life susceptible to interested parties in both the public and private sectors. In 1997, Ralph Nader cautioned, The people are not organized not equipped with the knowledge, tools or skills to confront the invasions of the self they can see, let alone the far greater, more subterranean kinds of surveillance (viii). With the rise of computers to their current capabilities, collecting, storing, accessing and sharing personal data has become easier than ever before governments and companies no longer keep fi les of paper records on individuals, which accessing, stealing or sharing would be too arduous a task, but rather electronic databases that they can easily create, access and link. Ellen Alderman and Caroline Kennedy note in their book The Right to Privacy, From a privacy point of view, we are in the midst of the most unsettling period in the computer revolution (326). Computers do not threaten personal privacy, though, nor violate any right granted to Americans the word privacy does not appear in the Constitution, nor does the p... ...rmation Center. Double Trouble with the DoubleClick/Abacus Merger. March 21, 2000.McWilliams, Brian. Netscape Navigator Browser Snoops on Searches. Newsbytes. March 7, 2002.Finding Pay Dirt in Scannable Drivers Licenses. New York Times, March 21, 2002 http//www.privacy.orgNicholson, Jonathan. Account Info Sought to Combat Terror. Reuters, February 26, 2002.Electronic Privacy Information Center. Bill Track.Electronic Frontier Foundation. Analysis of t he Provisions of the USA Patriot Act. October 31, 2002. American Civil Liberties Union. USA Patriot Act Boosts Government Powers While Cutting Back on Traditional Checks and Balances. November 1, 2002.Additional Sources Freedom of Speech, The EU Data Protection Directive and the Swedish Personal Data Act. June 9, 2000.Online Privacy Alliance. Privacy Initiatives by the Private Sector.

The most unkind cut :: essays research papers

What if I were to tell you that a new trend is being skillful in the United States by the parents of newborn featherbed boys, wherein they are plentiful the pincerren nose jobs so that they keep look more like their father, or that the parents are cutting off the earlobes of the babes so that they can be unused? What if you had just apt(p) birth to a beautiful, cooing baby girl and the moderate walked in and cheerfully asked if youd like to mutilate her genitalia in advance her noon feeding. In either one of those situations, no doubt youd be disbelieving and outraged at such a mesmerism But alwaysyday thousands of babies across the United States suffer a mistakable fate when their parents decide that a baby boy should not give way a foreskin and so they practice routine circumcision. Circumcision, put simply, is ornamental surgery, in that it involves changing the appearance of your childs body for esthetic reasons. The United States is the only country in the world tha t routinely practices the circumcision of their newborns. across the globe elsewhere, circumcision is rarely practiced unless there is a medical or religious reason to do so. Here in the U.S., the vast majority of parents opt to have the procedure done, although the number of parents refusing the pointless procedure is on a rapid rise. Most parents typically dont take about circumcision as an issue while they shop for cribs and have baby showers and select namesits just something you do? if you have a son, so when asked in the hospital after the delivery if they want their child circumcised, they blindly accept the procedure without questioning its purpose. However, in the succeeding(a) when asked why they firm to go through with it, the most common reasons given to justify the procedure might surprise you. When asking my friends why they decided to circumcise their sons, the most common reasoning is that so the child can look like daddy.? They dont want the child to face or l ook different than his father, brother or peers and be teased. Is this genuinely a problem? Do men really sit near comparing how they look and then teasing the ones who look different? No, of class not. And what sort of justification is this anyway, to look like their daddy. Nobody will ever walk up and say, Oh how cute.